cell biochem

Question 1

tissue

Answer 1

cells from the same kind that perform a shared function

Question 2

cell theory

Answer 2

all living organisms are composed of one or more cells , the cells are the basic unit of all life and new cells arise from existing cells

Question 3

What are the membrane bound organelles?

Answer 3

ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, golgi complex, lysosomes

Question 4

What are the non membrane bound organelles

Answer 4

ribosomes, cytoskeleton, centrioles

Question 5

glycoprotein

Answer 5

protein with carbohydrate attached to it. outer surface only

Question 6

fluid mosaic model

Answer 6

provides cell boundary, controls transport of molecules, cell contact and recognition

Question 7

aquaorin

Answer 7

abundant in ocular tissue

Question 8

cytoplasm

Answer 8

entire space between the plasma membrane and nucleus containing all cellular organelles

Question 9

cytosol

Answer 9

liquid-gel-like environment in which the organelles are suspended

Question 10

chromosomes

Answer 10

structures within the nucleus made up of DNA and proteins associated with DNA (histones). only visibile when the cell is getting ready for division

Question 11

chromatin

Answer 11

The unwound form of DNA-protein complex

Question 12

what is the only organelles with their own DNA?

Answer 12

mitochondria

Question 13

what is the function of the mitochondria

Answer 13

site for oxidative phosphorylation that provides energy in the form of ATP

Question 14

Rough ER

Answer 14

protein modification

Question 15

Golgi apparatus

Answer 15

sorting, packing, tagging of proteins and lipids. cis face, trans face

Question 16

whats the difference between lysosomes and peroxisomes?

Answer 16

lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzyme mixture

peroxisomes contain urate oxidase crystalline core

Question 17

peroxisome

Answer 17

break down waste materials and cellular debris, digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, engulfed viruses or bactera.

Question 18

lysosomes

Answer 18

breakdown of molecules by oxidative reactions. uric acid, amino acids, fatty acids through B-oxidation

Question 19

ribosomes

Answer 19

synthesis of polypeptide chain

Question 20

centrosome

Answer 20

particiaptes in pulling the chromasomes apart toward the two opposite cell poles during cell division

Question 21

cytoskeleton

Answer 21

structural support network of proteins maintaining cells shape and intracellular movements

Question 22

cilia and flagella

Answer 22

microtubules that contain a-tubulin and B-tubulin. Cilia move fluids pass the surface, flagellum is one large thing that moves the cell by wiggling (sperm is only one in humans)

Question 23

Vesicles

Answer 23

membrane bound sacs that function in storage, transport, endo-and pinocytosis

Question 24

cell connections in extracellular matrix of animal cells

Answer 24

complex network of carbohydrates (proteoglycans, collagen fibers, fibronectin, elastic fibers. Holds cell together to form a tissue, allows the cells to communicate with each other

Question 25

Tight Junctions

Answer 25

form water tight connections between two adjacent animal cells. Protein claudins and occludins create tight junction adherence. Prevents materials from leaking between the cells. Found in epithelial tissues

Question 26

desmosomes

Answer 26

forms strong spot weld between cells. it is created by the linkage of cadherins and intermediate filaments. not as tightly connected. Maintains cells in a sheet like formation in tissues that stretch (skin, heart, muscle)

Question 27

Gap junctions

Answer 27

protein-lined pore that allows water and small molecules to pass between adjacent animal cells. transort of ions, nutrients and other substances, allows cells to communicate

Question 28

retinal cells

Answer 28

rods and cones have special types of cilia composed of flattened saccules (sas), membranous disks. functions- contain the photosensitive compounds reacting to light

Question 29

rhodopsin

Answer 29

composed of Opsin and Retinal. in the Rod

Question 30

Other opsins

Answer 30

in cones. three different kinds of cones. blue(s), green(m), red(L). responds to specific wavelengths