Cell Biology Flashcards
(27 cards)
In a plant cell were is the site of
A-anaerobic respiration
B-protein synthesis
C-photosynthesis
A-cytoplasm
B-ribosomes
C-chloroplast
Why do cells undergo mitosis
To repair
To grow
And to replace
3 substances that are transported into or out of animal cells by diffusion
Oxygen
amino acids
Carbon dioxide
What us the purpose of the objective lens
To form and magnify an image of the specimen
2 medical conditions that could be treated with embryonic stem cells in the future
Diabetes
Paralysis
What is an advantage if using therapeutic cloning to treat disease
The stem cells are from the patients own body so they would. It be rejected by the body
Osmosis
The proccess of water moving from an area of high concentration to an airplane of low concentration through a partially permeable cell membrane
What are embryonic stem cells
Stem cells that have been taken from an embryo they are undifferentiated (can become anything)
How is active transport used by plants
To obtain mineral ions from the soil
How is active transport used in animals
To absorb nutrients eg glucose when they are at low concentration from the small intestine
In an animal cell where is the site of aerobic respiration
The mitochondria
How is active transport different to diffusion
Requires energy
Moves against the concentration gradient (low to high)
Two factors that affect the rate of diffusion
Temperature
Concentration gradient
What does resalution mean
The ability to distinguish between two points so higher resolution produces a clearer image
How are prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic cells
They do not contain a nucleus, mitochondria or chloroplast and they are much smaller
Give two advantages of cloning plants
Farmers can produce clones of a desired plant quickly and cheaply
Can save rare species from extinction
What happens during the cells interphase
The cell prepares and gets bigger. The
genetic material copies/doubles initially- two copies of each chromosome and synthesis of new sub cellular structures
What happens during mitosis
The copied chromosomes separate
What happens during Cytokinesis
The cell divides to form 2 new identical cells
What are stem cells
Unspecialised cells that can differentiate to become specialised cells
Medical uses of stem cells
They can be used to grow tissue that we can test new drugs on. Or the tissue grown can be used to replace or replace damaged tissue or body parts
What is potency in embryonic stem cells
How much potential they have to become different cells (they are pluripotent)
What are induced pluripotent stem cells (ips)and what are their advantages
They are artificially made plupotent stem cells they are much more ethical
