Inhertitance, Variation Amd Evalution

Question 1

What is meiosis

Answer 1

2 x nuclear divisions
Produces 4x non identical daughter cells
each has one set of chromosome (23)

Question 2

What is mitosis

Answer 2

1x nuclear division
Produces 2x identical daughter cells
Each has a full set of chromosomes (23 pairs)

Question 3

What is the make and female gamete in plants

Answer 3

Pollen cells and egg cells

Question 4

What is asexual reproduction

Answer 4

Only one parent is required and there is no fusion of gametes- only mitosis is involved(no mixing of genetic information)
Therefore offspring are genetically identical

Question 5

Genome

Answer 5

The entire genetic material of an organism

Question 6

Gamete

Answer 6

The sex cells(sperm and egg), which contains; one set of genetic information

Question 7

Chromosome

Answer 7

Found in the nucleus, they are made from long dna molecules and passed from parent to offspring

Question 8

Gene

Answer 8

A section of dna that codes for a particular sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein

Question 9

Allele

Answer 9

a Different form or variant of a gene

Question 10

Dominant

Answer 10

Controls the characteristic, even if it is only present on one chromosome

Question 11

Recessive

Answer 11

Only controls the physical characteristics if it is present on both chromosomes

Question 12

Homozygous

Answer 12

Two identical alleles for a characteristic

Question 13

Heterozygous

Answer 13

Different allles for a characteristic

Question 14

Genotype

Answer 14

The allies present in an individual for a particular characteristic

Question 15

Phenotype

Answer 15

The physical appearance of an individual for a particular characteristic

Question 16

What causes most characteristics

Answer 16

Multiple genes interacting

Question 17

Why is Important for us to study the human genome

Answer 17

Allows us to investigate the genetic cause of different inherited diseases and have a greater understanding of human evolution

Question 18

Example of variation caused by the environment

Answer 18

Scars

Question 19

Give an example of variation caused by both environment and Genetics

Answer 19

Weight

Question 20

What possible effects of mutation have on an organism

Answer 20

-could have no effect
-may be harmful- organism less likely to survive(rare)
-could be beneficial to the organism(also rare)

Question 21

What is evolution

Answer 21

A change in the inherited characteristics of a population over time through a process of natural selection. This may result in the formation of a new species

Question 22

Whalen did the first simple life forms develop

Answer 22

3 billion years ago

Question 23

What evidence do we have for evaluation

Answer 23

Fossils
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria

Question 24

What is selective breeding

Answer 24

Humans breeding plants and animals for particular genetic characteristics

Question 25

Examples of of characteristics that might be chosen for selective breeding in plants and animals

Answer 25

1) disease resistance in plants 2) animals that produce more meat 3) domestic animals with a gentle nature 4) large or unusual flower

Question 26

What are some concerns about genetic engineering

Answer 26

It may have bad affects on human health ‘Deigner babies’

Question 27

What are GM crops

Answer 27

Genetically modified crops

Question 28

What are the benefits of GM crops

Answer 28

They can be resistant to insect attacks They have increased yeilds They can be engeniered to grow in more difficult climates

Question 29

Why can bacteria evolve rapidly

Answer 29

It multiplies at a fast rate

Question 30

What aren’t scientists certain about how life began on earth

Answer 30

Many early life forms were soft bodied so left few traces behind. Most traces have been destroyed by geographical activity

Question 31

Factors that can contribute to a species extinction

Answer 31

New predator Lack of food/water New competition

Question 32

What measures where out in place to reduce english cases of mrsa deaths in 2006

Answer 32

Doctors only prescribed antibiotics when they were really necessary non for treating non serous or viral infections They informed patients to finish their full course of antibiotics