Cell Cycle

Question 1

Why are prokaryotic cells faster at cell division than eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Because they lack membrane-bound organelles and cytoskeleton

Question 2

Four major phases of the cell division

Answer 2

G1 (Growth phase 1)
S (Synthesizing phase)
G2 (Growth phase 2)
M (Mitotic phase)

Question 3

What are the three major phases of the cell division that are considered as the interphase (non-dividing phase)?

Answer 3

G1, S, and G2

Question 4

What is the cell dividing phase?

Answer 4

Mitotic phase

Question 5

Also known as the resting phase

Answer 5

G0

Question 6

Phase where the cells are active and metabolically active, but not divided

Answer 6

G0, resting phase

Question 7

State where the cell leaves the cell cycle

Answer 7

G0, resting phase

Question 8

During the interphase, the cell:

Answer 8

• grows
• develops into a mature, functioning cell
• duplicates its DNA
• prepares for division

Question 9

Longest phase in the interphase

Answer 9

Synthesis

Question 10

Why is the synthesis phase the longest phase in the interphase?

Answer 10

Because this is where the DNA must be copied

Question 11

Stage in the interphase where the cells increase in size

Answer 11

Gap 1, G1, Growth phase 1

Question 12

Stage in the interphase where the organelles are being built

Answer 12

Gap 1, G1, Growth phase 1

Question 13

Stage in the interphase where DNA synthesis starts

Answer 13

Gap 1, G1, Growth phase 1

Question 14

Stage in the interphase where protein synthesis continues in preparation for the division of its nucleus

Answer 14

Gap 2, G2, Growth phase 2

Question 15

Stage in the interphase where the cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division

Answer 15

Synthesis

Question 16

The period immediately after a cell divides

Answer 16

Gap 1, G1, Growth phase 1

Question 17

Stage in the interphase where the cells prepare for the replication of the DNA

Answer 17

Gap 1, G1, Growth phase 1

Question 18

Stage in the interphase where the cell takes inventory and makes sure it is ready to continue with mitosis

Answer 18

Gap 2, G2, Growth phase 2

Question 19

A neuron which has lost its capability to divide as it has achieved the highest differentiation state is an example of

Answer 19

g0, Resting Phase

Question 20

Stages that follow the interphase

Answer 20

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Question 21

The division of the nucleus and the genetic material

Answer 21

Mitosis

Question 22

Four parts of the mitosis

Answer 22

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 23

During this stage, the hereditary material of the parent cell is given into the daughter cells.

Answer 23

Mitosis

Question 24

Goal of mitosis

Answer 24

To distribute an identical set of genetic materials

Question 25

During this stage, the cell’s nuclear membrane disintegrates, while the DNA condenses, forming two nuclei.

Answer 25

Mitosis

Question 26

The cytoplasm and the two nuclei are distributed into the two forming daughter cells, which then physically separate.

Answer 26

Cytokinesis

Question 27

What is the first sign of cytokinesis in an animal cell

Answer 27

Cleavage furrow

Question 28

What is a cleavage furrow

Answer 28

slight indentation around the middle of the dividing cell

Question 29

Cytokinesis on a plant cell must first ________

Answer 29

construct a new wall that separates the two daughter cells

Question 30

First sign of cell wall construction

Answer 30

cell plate

Question 31

What is a cell plate

Answer 31

A structure that appears at the middle of the dividing plant cell.

Question 32

__________ embedded in surrounding material makes a strong, rigid wall that gives a plant cell its shape.

Answer 32

Cellulose fibers

Question 33

These are important regulatory requirements before the cell cycle continues

Answer 33

Cell cycle checkpoints

Question 34

Three checkpoints of the cell cycle

Answer 34

G1 checkpoint G2 checkpoint M checkpoint

Question 35

Assesses the integrity of the DNA

Answer 35

G1 checkpoint

Question 36

Assesses proper chromosome duplication

Answer 36

G2 checkpoint

Question 37

Assesses the attachment of each kinetochore to spindle fiber

Answer 37

M checkpoint

Question 38

Checkpoint that monitors for DNA damage, and can stop the cycle before entering the S stage of interphase

Answer 38

G1 checkpoint

Question 39

Proteins that function to detect and repair DNA damage and prevent rapid uncontrolled cell division.

Answer 39

Cell cycle regulators

Question 40

Regulatory subunits that do not have a catalytic function.

Answer 40

Cyclins

Question 41

The cell synthesizes this during the cell cycle.

Answer 41

Cyclins

Question 42

Determines whether all conditions are favorable for cell division to proceed.

Answer 42

G1 Checkpoint

Question 43

A point at which the cell commits to the cell division process.

Answer 43

G1 Checkpoint

Question 44

Also called the restriction point (yeasts)

Answer 44

G1 Checkpoint

Question 45

Checks for genomic DNA damage

Answer 45

G1 Checkpoint

Question 46

Ensures that all of the chromosomes have been replicated and that the replicated DNA is not damaged.

Answer 46

G2 Checkpoint

Question 47

Occurs near the end of the metaphase stage of karyokinesis.

Answer 47

M Checkpoint

Question 48

Also known as the spindle checkpoint

Answer 48

M Checkpoint