Overview of the Cell Structure

Question 1

Sometimes called the plasma membrane

Answer 1

Cell membrane

Question 2

Separates the cell from the outside environment

Answer 2

Cell Membrane

Question 3

Largest organelle

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

Contains all organelles of the cell

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

Question 5

Cytoplasm contains gel-like materials known as ______

Answer 5

Cytosol

Question 6

The membrane factory of a cell

Answer 6

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 7

Responsible for the processing, packaging, and sorting of secretory materials for use within and outside the cell.

Answer 7

Golgi Apparatus

Question 8

Packaging house of a cell

Answer 8

Golgi Apparatus

Question 9

Powerhouse of the cell

Answer 9

Mitochondrion (plural, mitochondria)

Question 10

Supports and protects the cell and is selectively permeable

Answer 10

Cell membrane

Question 11

The endoplasmic reticulum is made up of flattened sacs called _______

Answer 11

Cisternae

Question 12

Part of the endoplasmic reticulum that has the presence of ribosomes

Answer 12

Rough ER

Question 13

Is involved with the production, folding, quality control and dispatch of some proteins.

Answer 13

Rough ER

Question 14

Largely associated with lipid (fat) manufacture and metabolism and steroid production hormone production.

Answer 14

Smooth ER

Question 15

Produces new membranes; a membrane factory of the cell.

Answer 15

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 16

Composed of sets of cisternae and numerous vesicles filled with fluid and suspended substances.

Answer 16

Golgi Apparatus

Question 17

The numerous folds in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

Answer 17

Cristae

Question 18

Space inside the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

Answer 18

Matrix

Question 19

The energy currency of the cell

Answer 19

ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 20

Small, spherical, membrane-bound organelles which contain a number of enzymes for intracellular digestion.

Answer 20

Lysosomes

Question 21

Contains 40 kinds of enzymes that help digest food, disease-causing bacteria engulfed by white blood cells, and worn-out and broken parts of the cell.

Answer 21

Lysosomes

Question 22

Sometimes called “suicide bags” because they replace worn out cells that are to be digested.

Answer 22

Lysosomes

Question 23

Large dense granules with membranes

Answer 23

Secretory granules

Question 24

Fuse with the cell membrane to secrete substances such as enzymes, proteins, and signaling molecules out of the cell

Answer 24

Secretory granules

Question 25

Membrane-bound sacs that are used to store or transport substances around the cell.

Answer 25

Vesicles

Question 26

Lysosomes are actually ______

Answer 26

Vesicles

Question 27

Non-membranous substances and structures suspended in the cytoplasm with varying functions.

Answer 27

Cytoplasmic Inclusions

Question 28

The most numerous of all cytoplasmic structures.

Answer 28

Ribosomes

Question 29

They are the sites where proteins are made.

Answer 29

Ribosomes

Question 30

They are produced at the nucleolus

Answer 30

Ribosomes

Question 31

It translate genetic information in the form of mRNA into proteins.

Answer 31

Ribosomes

Question 32

Are paired barrel-shaped organelles located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope.

Answer 32

Centrioles

Question 33

Its wall is composed of nine groups of parallel subunits arranged in longitudinal fashion and is usually adjacent to the nucleus of animal cell.

Answer 33

Centrioles

Question 34

Organizing microtubules that serve as the cell's skeletal system and helps with cell division in animal cells

Answer 34

Centriole

Question 35

Are long, slender, protein tubes and forms the cytoskeleton of the cell together with the microfilaments.

Answer 35

Microtubules

Question 36

Cytoplasmic inclusion that play a role in maintaining cell shape.

Answer 36

Microtubules

Question 37

Support the cell to maintain its structure and shape as it provides resiliency against forces that can alter the shape of the cell.

Answer 37

Microfilaments

Question 38

Example of microfilaments

Answer 38

Spindle fibers

Question 39

Found in most eukaryotic cells and are absent in prokaryotic cells

Answer 39

Nucleus

Question 40

Store the cell's DNA, maintain its integrity, and facilitate its transcription and replication.

Answer 40

Nucleus

Question 41

It is the site where nucleic acids are synthesized and, therefore directs all the activities of the cell.

Answer 41

Nucleus

Question 42

Serves as a site for the storage of hereditary factors and is the source of ribonucleic acid (RNA),

Answer 42

Nucleus

Question 43

Two-layered outer limit of the nucleus separating it from the cytoplasm.

Answer 43

Nuclear membrane or Nuclear envelope

Question 44

Part of the nucleus that is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 44

Nuclear membrane

Question 45

The dense, protein-rich substance inside the nucleus

Answer 45

Nucleoplasm

Question 46

Responsible for the formation/production of ribosomes

Answer 46

Nucleolus

Question 47

Act as selective channels between the cytoplasm and the inside of the nucleus, selectively allowing molecules which contain the correct localization signals pass in and out.

Answer 47

Nuclear pores

Question 48

Can be seen in the nuclear envelope and serves as a gate for the nucleus and cytoplasm

Answer 48

Nuclear pores

Question 49

Found inside the nucleus that is made up of DNA and proteins, and forms chromosomes during cell division.

Answer 49

Chromatin

Question 50

DNA double helix are clumped up with Histones (proteins) that form the (a) _____, which eventually form the (b) _____ when clumped together

Answer 50

(a) Nucleosome (b) Chromatin

Question 51

Chromatin lumped together form (a) _______ which eventually turns into a (b) _____ and form the (c) _______

Answer 51

(a) Chromatin fiber (b) loop (c) Chromosome

Question 52

The outermost rigid covering of plant cells and is primarily composed of cellulose embedded in hardening compounds such as pectin and lignin. Cannot be found in animal cells

Answer 52

Cell Wall

Question 53

Are larger and more centrally located in plant cells than in animal cells and stores enzymes and waste products.

Answer 53

Water vacuoles

Question 54

Occupies as much as 90 percent of the cell in mature cells

Answer 54

Water Vacuoles

Question 55

serves as a living bridge between cells

Answer 55

plasmodesmata

Question 56

Synthesis of ribosomes

Answer 56

Nucleolus