Cell Cycle Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is required for the continuity of life?
Replication of genetic material and its transfer to the next generation through processes such as binary fission, mitosis, meiosis, and fertilisation
What structural properties of DNA allow for replication?
Nucleotide composition and pairing, and hydrogen bonds between strands of DNA
What is the process of protein synthesis?
Transcription of a gene into messenger RNA in the nucleus, followed by translation into an amino acid sequence at the ribosome
What is the Cell Cycle?
The sequence of events from one cell division to another
What are the phases of Interphase?
- G1 (first growth phase)
- S phase (synthesis)
- G2 (further growth)
- G0 (extended G1 phase)
What occurs during the G1 phase of Interphase?
Cell produces new proteins and carries out normal tasks
What happens during the S phase of Interphase?
The DNA and centrosomes form exact copies of themselves
What is the aim of mitosis?
To produce 2 identical diploid daughter cells for growth and repair
What are the stages of mitosis?
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase and cytokinesis
How does cytokinesis differ in plant cells compared to animal cells?
In plant cells, vesicles containing cellulose form a cell plate that develops into two cell walls
What is binary fission?
A process of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes, where a parent cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells
What happens prior to binary fission in prokaryotes?
The prokaryotic cell replicates its single chromosome, which attaches to different parts of the cell membrane
What is the aim of meiosis?
To produce 4 genetically varied haploid gametes for sexual reproduction
What are the stages of meiosis?
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase (PMAT x 2)
What happens during prophase of meiosis?
Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear membrane begins to break down
What occurs during metaphase of meiosis?
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, and spindle fibers attach to their centromeres
What happens during anaphase of meiosis?
Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles of the cell
What occurs in telophase of meiosis?
Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, new nuclear membranes form, and cytokinesis begins
Fill in the blank: The process of cytokinesis usually begins in _______.
Telophase
True or False: Variation is essential in sexual reproduction.
True
