DNA / RNA Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is the full form of DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Where is linear nuclear DNA found in eukaryotes?
Bound by the nuclear membrane in the nucleus
What type of DNA is found in chloroplasts and mitochondria?
Unbound circular DNA
How is DNA structured in prokaryotes?
Circular and unbound by a membrane, found within the nucleoid region
What is the shape of nuclear DNA?
Double helix
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
- Pentose (5 carbon) deoxyribose sugar
- Phosphate
- Nitrogenous base
What type of bond connects phosphate groups to sugar molecules?
Phosphodiester bond
Which nitrogenous bases are found in DNA?
- Adenine
- Thymine
- Cytosine
- Guanine
What type of bond forms between adenine and thymine?
Double hydrogen bond
What type of bond forms between cytosine and guanine?
Triple hydrogen bond
What is the direction of DNA strands?
Antiparallel
What is the sugar component of RNA?
Ribose sugar
What is the main structural difference between RNA and DNA?
- RNA is single stranded
- DNA is double stranded
- RNA contains uracil
- DNA contains thymine
What are purines in nitrogenous bases?
- Adenine
- Guanine
What are pyrimidines in nitrogenous bases?
- Thymine
- Cytosine
- Uracil
What are genes?
Sections of DNA that contain the genetic code for making proteins
What is the range of lengths genes can vary?
From a few hundred nucleotides to over 1 million nucleotides
What is the term for organisms that have one copy of chromosomes from each parent?
Diploid
How can chromosomes be organized visually?
In a karyotype
What are homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes that are the same length and contain the same genes
What is the gene loci?
The position of genes that code for the same characteristic on homologous chromosomes
What is chromatin in eukaryotes?
DNA lengths wrapped around proteins called histones
What is the structure formed by coiling chromatin?
Nucleosomes
Where is DNA located in prokaryotes?
In the cytosol of the cell region called the nucleoid
