Cell Cycle: Apoptosis Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE OR FALSE, unlike cell replication Apoptosis does not require energy

A

False
Processus actif consommant de l’ATP

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1
Q

What are the steps leading to apoptosis?

A

condensation de la chromatine (la pycnose)

Fragmentation du noyau

perte de l’asymétrie des phospholipides de la membrane plasmique (PS dans le feuillet externe)

fragments apoptotiques peuvent être phagocytés par des macrophages (cellules “nettoyeuses”)

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2
Q

What are 3 ways to induce apoptosis?

A

Voie intrinsèque:
Voie extrinsèque:
Perforin and Granzymes: From Cytotoxic T Cells:

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3
Q

What is the Voie intrinsèque: of apoptosis induction?

A

Inner clock

Major DNA damage

Loss of survive signals (cell-cell)

Most cell need “facteurs de survie”

Which leads to Bcl-2 activation → inhibition of apoptosis

(Cancer cells will often express Bcl-2)

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4
Q

WHat are pro-caspases?

A

caspases qui se trouvent sous formes inactives

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5
Q

What is the chain of caspase activation?

A

Caspase-9 -> activation of Caspase 3

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6
Q

Give an example of voie extrinsèque trigger?

A

Des ligands de mort
(provenant par ex. des
macrophages)

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7
Q

What is Ferroptosis?

A

une mort cellulaire dépendant de fer (Fe3+)

implique l’inhibition des voies antioxidatives qui normalement réduisent les espèces réactives d’oxygène ROS

surplus de ROS mène a la peroxidation de phospholipides et rupture de la membrane plasmique

Therefore -> La mort de ces cellules pouvait être bloquée par des chélateurs de fer mais pas par des inhibiteurs des caspases

Imagine cells as little balloons filled with water. Iron (Fe3+) is like a pin that can pop the balloon. Normally, there are mechanisms (antioxidant pathways) that protect the balloon from being popped by reducing harmful substances (ROS). But when there’s too much ROS, it’s like having too many pins around, which leads to the balloon (cell) popping (peroxidation of phospholipids and rupture of the plasma membrane). Iron chelators are like shields that can protect the balloon from the pins (iron), but caspase inhibitors can’t do this job.

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