DNA Repair 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Quelle est la différence entre une mutation somatique
et une mutation germinale

A

Si les mutations surviennent dans l’ADN de cellules
germinales (gamètes: ovules et spermatozoïdes), elles
seront héritées par la descendance

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2
Q

Quelles sont les conséquences de ces deux types de mutations

A

mutation germinale ->maladies héritées
mutation somatique -> cancer

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3
Q

Quelles sont les causes des mutations

A

Erreurs d’incorporation de nucléotides pendant la réplication

le métabolisme (pH, ROS [reactive oxygen species])

les radiations (UV, rayon X, etc)

des composés chimiques dans l’environnement

DNA Damage accumulates with age

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4
Q

What is proof reading? How does it occur?

A

Vérification et autocorrection par l’ADN polymérase

l’ADN Polymérase a un site catalytique de polymérisation (P)
Et un site d’édition (E) pour l’excision et la correction.

Si un nucléotide ajouté dans un brin d’ADN est incorrect, ce brin se déplace temporairement vers le site E pour correction

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5
Q

What is the Edition site of the DNA polymerase?

A
  • Activité exonucléase de la polymérase
  • Elle détache le mauvais nucléotide par hydrolyse du lien phosphodiester
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6
Q

What is DNA Mismatch Repair System?

A

Reconnaissance du nucléotide mal incorporé, excision et réparation after the DNA replication

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7
Q

How does DNA Mismatch Repair System work ?

A

Distorsion de la double hélice, qui est détectée par des protéines spécifiques

protéines de reconnaissance forment un complexe qui recrute une exonucléase (Exo1)

Le portion du nouveau brin incluant le nucléotide erroné est dégradée par l’exonucléase (large ish chunk)

Réparation de cette lacune par l’ADN polymérase

ligation

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8
Q

What is Excision Repair?

A

This deals with mutated bases following replication
These mutated bases are recognized and excised and then repairted by DNA Polymerase

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9
Q

Comment les mutations sont reconnues dans la cellule?

A

les nucléotides erronés et ou endommagés sont reconnus comme
mésappariements causant une torsion, une déformation de la
double hélice

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10
Q

What is Exo1?

A

exonucléase in DNA Mismatch Repair

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11
Q

In, DNA Mismatch Repair, how does the cell know the template strand from the new strand?

A

It is possible that it recognizes the lack of methylation of the new strand.

Usually DNA is methylated, could be that this new strand isnt yet

Maybe recognizes the nicks in the new strand

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12
Q

Endonucléases Vs Exonuclases

A

Les endonucléases clivent à l’intérieur de la molécule d’ADN

exonucléases need an open 5’ or 3’ end

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13
Q

What is Dépurination? Effect of replication

A

Kind of DNA damage

Ceci ne casse pas le squelette phosphodiester de l’ADN,
mais génère des lésions que l’on peut comparer à des
dents manquantes

if there is no repair, the missing complement nucleotide will be lost in replication for the pair taht lost it

if repaired, the proper nucleotide is replaced

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14
Q

What is Déamination? Effect of replication

A

cytossine base to uracil base

perte groupement amino de cytosines causant la transformation en base uracile

there is no loss of base in this case, only modification

if there is no repair, the strand with the U will now have a U A pair

the other DNA strand will apear totally fine

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15
Q

What is the Dimères de Thymine?

A

caused by rayons UV du soleil

leads to liens covalents entre deux thymines adjacentes

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16
Q

What is the repair pipeline for Dimères de Thymine?

A

Excision by nuclease

Replacement by DNA Polymerase

Connection of added strands by DNA Ligase