Cell Division

Question 1

What is cell continuity

Answer 1

Means that a cells develop from pre-existing cells

Question 2

What are chromosomes

Answer 2

Coiled up threads of DNA

Question 3

When a cell isn’t dividing, what name is given to the chromosomes

Answer 3

Chromatin

Question 4

Describe what chromatin looks like

Answer 4

A long thin thread

Question 5

How many chromosomes do humans have

Answer 5

46

Question 6

What is a gene

Answer 6

A gene is a section of DNA that reads for a specific protein

Question 7

What is a haploid cell?

Answer 7

A cell with one set of chromosomes

Question 8

What is a diploid cell

Answer 8

Has 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 9

What is the cell cycle

Answer 9

The cell cycle is the changes that take place in a cell during the period between one cell division and the next

Question 10

What are the stages of the cell cycle in order

Answer 10

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Tetophase

Question 11

Define cancer

Answer 11

Cancer is a group of disorders in which cells lose their ability to regulate the rate of mitosis and how much it happens

Question 12

What’s the difference between benign and malignant tumors

Answer 12

Benign: Not life threatening, stop dividing after some time, do not invade other tissues

Malignant: Can be life threatening, can invade other cells and tissues (metastasis), continue to divide indefinitely

Question 13

What are some causes of cancer (carcinogens)

Answer 13

Cigarette smoke, UV rays, some viruses

Question 14

What are types of treatment for cancer

Answer 14

Surgery, radiation, use of chemicals to slow down mitosis

Question 15

What is the centromere

Answer 15

The point at which chromosomes are attached in a double stranded chromosome

Question 16

What forms after cell division in plant and animal cells to divide the cells

Answer 16

Animal: cleavage furrow
Plant: cell plate

Question 17

Give a brief summary of prophase

Answer 17

1. Chromatin starts to contract
2. Chromosomes become visible
3. Nucleus disappears
4. Spindle fibres appear in cytoplasm
5. Nuclear membrane starts to breakdown

Question 18

Give a brief summary of metaphase

Answer 18

1. Nuclear membrane completes its breakdown
2. Spindle fibres attach to each of the centromeres
3. Centromeres line up in the middle of the cell

Question 19

Give a brief summary of anaphase

Answer 19

1. Spindle fibres contract
2. Chromosome pulled apart
   3 shortest phase

Question 20

Give a brief summary of tetophase

Answer 20

1. Chromosomes at each pole begin to lengthen and become hard to distinguish
2. Spindle fibres break down
3. Nuclear membrane forms around the chromatin
4. Original nucleus divided into 2 identical cells