Sexual Reproduction

Question 1

Where are the male sex cells produced

Answer 1

Testes

Question 2

Where are the female gametes produced

Answer 2

Ovaries

Question 3

What is a gonad?

Answer 3

An organ that produces sex cells in animals

Question 4

What are the glands that sperms travel through (In order)

Answer 4

1. Seminal vesicles
2. Prostate gland
3. Cowpers gland

Question 5

What is the purpose of the epididymis

Answer 5

Matures and stores sperm

Question 6

What is the use of the urethra

Answer 6

Directs urine and sperm out of the body

Question 7

What is the name given to the tail of sperm?

Answer 7

Flagellum

Question 8

Where is the mitochondria located in sperm

Answer 8

The collar (Midpiece / neck)

Question 9

What is puberty?

Answer 9

The beginning of sexual maturity

Question 10

What are hormones?

Answer 10

Hormones are chemical messengers produced in specialised glands and are transported in the blood to where they have their effect

Question 11

What is the male hormone

Answer 11

Testosterone

Question 12

What is the purpose of the scrotum?

Answer 12

Regulate the temperature of the testes so they can produce sperm (34°)

Question 13

Define secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 13

Features that distinguish males from females apart from the sex organs

Question 14

What gland are both LH and FSH produced by?

Answer 14

Pituitary gland

Question 15

What is the role of FSH in males?

Answer 15

Causes the production of haploid sperm in the testes

Question 16

What is the role of LH in males?

Answer 16

Stimulates testes to produce testosterone

Question 17

What are some secondary male characteristics

Answer 17

1. Growth of pubic hair
2. Enlargement of larynx
3. Increased muscular and bone development
4. Widening of the shoulders
5. Growth spurt

Question 18

What is ovulation and when does it occur

Answer 18

Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary.
Occurs on day 14 of the menstrual cycle

Question 19

What is the menstrual cycle?

Answer 19

28 day sequence of events that produces an egg and prepares the body for pregnancy

Question 20

What is menopause?

Answer 20

When ovulation and menstruation stop happening in a female

Question 21

What is menstruation and when does it occur?

Answer 21

Menstruation is the discharge of the walls of the endometrium and unfetilised egg.
Occurs Days 1-5 of menstrual cycle

Question 22

What is the egg produced by ovulation surrounded in?

Answer 22

Graffian follicle

Question 23

What hormone does the graffian follicle produce after day 5?

Answer 23

Oestrogen

Question 24

What are the roles of oestrogen in the menstrual cycle during days 6-14?

Answer 24

1.Prevent new eggs developing
2. Causes endometrium to thicken again
3. Causes production of LH

Question 25

How does ovulation occur on day 14?

Answer 25

The graffian follicle bursts and releases the egg from the ovary

Question 26

What happens to the remains of the graafian follicle during days 14 - 28

Answer 26

They develop into the corpus luteum

Question 27

What is the role of corpus luteum?

Answer 27

Makes the hormone protestorone

Question 28

What are the roles of progesterone?

Answer 28

1. Cause the endometrium to thicken 2. Prevent production of eggs

Question 29

What happens as a result of no fertilisation taking place during the menstrual cycle?

Answer 29

The corpus luteum degenerates which causes the endometrium to break down due to low progesterone levels

Question 30

Name a menstrual disorder, it's cause and treatment

Answer 30

**Disorder:** Fibroids **Cause:** abnormal response to oestrogen **Treatment:** Large fibroids removed by surgery, small ones just get examined

Question 31

What hormones are produced by pituitary gland?

Answer 31

FSH and LH

Question 32

What hormones are produced by the graafian follicle?

Answer 32

Oestrogen and Progesterone

Question 33

Define Copulation

Answer 33

The act of sexual intercourse

Question 34

Define orgasm

Answer 34

The physical and emotional sensations experienced at the peak of sexual excitement

Question 35

Define Ejaculation

Answer 35

The release of semen from the penis

Question 36

Define insemination

Answer 36

The release of semen into the vagina

Question 37

What is the chemical produced by eggs that allow sperm to swim towards it

Answer 37

Chemotaxis

Question 38

What are survival times for both egg and sperm

Answer 38

Egg: up to 2 days Sperm: up to 7 days

Question 39

Define implantation

Answer 39

The embedding of a fertilised egg into the endometrium

Question 40

What happens at day 3 of zygote development

Answer 40

It forms a morula

Question 41

Define morula

Answer 41

A morula is a solid ball of cells formed from a zygote by mitosis

Question 42

What happens by day 5 of zygote development

Answer 42

The morula develops into a blastocyst

Question 43

What is a blastocyst?

Answer 43

A hollow ball of cells formed from a morula

Question 44

What event happens 10 days after fertilisation

Answer 44

Embryotic development (Germ layers form)

Question 45

What are the 3 layers of embryonic development

Answer 45

1. Ectoderm 2. Mesoderm 3. Endoderm

Question 46

Define germ layers

Answer 46

Germ layers are basic levels of cells in the blastocyst from which all adult tissues and organs will form