Cell division Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is anaphase?
The third stage of Mitosis; the centromere splits and one chromatid is pulled into opposite ends of the cell.
What is cancer?
A disease, resulting from mutations, that leads to uncontrolled cell division and the eventual formation of a group of abnormal cells called a tumour
What is a carcinogen?
A chemical, form of radiation or other agent that causes cancer
What is the cell cycle?
The series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication
What is the centriole?
Structures that form during the cell cycle responsible for the formation of spindle fibres
What is the centromere?
The centre structure within a chromosome that joins the chromatids
What is a chromatid?
One of the two copies of a chromosome that are joined together by a single centromere prior to cell division
What is a chromosome?
A thread-like structure made of protein and DNA by which hereditary information is physically passed from one generation to the next
What is a clone?
A group of genetically identical organisms formed from a single parent as a result of asexual reproduction or by artificial means
What is cytokinesis?
The process in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells following the telophase of Mitosis and Meiosis
What is differentiation?
The process by which cells become specialised for different functions
what are diploid cells?
Cells in which the nucleus contains two sets of chromosomes
What is DNA replication?
The process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA found within the nucleus
What are homologous chromosomes?
A pair of chromosomes, one maternal and one paternal, that have the same gene loci and therefore determine the same features
What is metaphase?
The second stage of mitosis; chromosomes line-up along centre of the cell & spindle fibres attach to the centromere of each chromosome
What is interphase?
The longest phase of the cell cycle in which the cell increases in size and makes a copy of its DNA
What is chromatin?
Uncondensed DNA when it is not wound up tightly as a chromosome
What is mitosis?
The type of nuclear division in which the daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
What is a mutagen?
Any agent that induces a mutation
What is a photomicrograph?
Photograph of an image produced by a microscope
What is a mutation?
A sudden change in the amount or the arrangement of the genetic material in the cell
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles
What is prophase?
The first stage of Mitosis; chromatin in the nucleus condenses to form chromosomes
What are spindle fibres?
Fibre-like structure that pulls or separates the chromosomes into the daughter cells during cell division
