Cell structure

Question 1

What is binary fission?

Answer 1

A type of asexual reproduction where one cell splits into two identical daughter cells – in prokaryotic cells – bacteria and viruses

Question 3

What is the function of a buffered solution?

Answer 3

Maintain a constant pH

Question 4

What is a capsule?

Answer 4

A slimy layer that surrounds prokaryotic cells – used to stick to surfaces and for protection

Question 5

What is a capsid?

Answer 5

The protective protein coat that surrounds the genetic material

Question 6

What is a cell membrane?

Answer 6

A semi-permeable membrane that surrounds and protects cells – controls what enters and leaves the cells

Question 7

What is a cell wall?

Answer 7

A rigid structure that surrounds prokaryotic cells – provides structural support and protection

Question 8

What is cellulose?

Answer 8

Components of cell walls in plants

Question 9

What is centriole?

Answer 9

Organelles that help with cell division and are made or microtubles

Question 10

What is centrifugation/ultracentrifugation?

Answer 10

The process of separating out particles of different sizes and densities by spinning them at high speed in centrifugation

Question 11

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 11

The organelle in plants cells that preform photosynthesis

Question 12

What is the function of a cold solution?

Answer 12

Reduces enzyme activity may break down organelles

Question 13

What is a DNA loop?

Answer 13

A single loop of DNA that stores genetic material in prokaryotic cells

Question 14

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 14

A cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles

Question 15

What is filtration?

Answer 15

Removes debris

Question 16

What is a flagellum?

Answer 16

A tail like structure that helps cells move

Question 17

What is the golgi apparatus?

Answer 17

A cell organelle that processes and packages proteins and lipids for use inside and outside the cell

Question 18

What is homogenisation?

Answer 18

(Blends) breaks up cell tissues to open cell membranes – releases organelles

Question 19

What is the function of a isotonic solution?

Answer 19

(Same water potential as original tissue) to prevent organelles bursting/shrinking due to osmatic gain/loss of water

Question 20

What are mitochondria?

Answer 20

Organelles in the cell that produce ATP/energy for the cell

Question 21

What is the nucleus?

Answer 21

Where the DNA in stored, controls cellular processes

Question 22

What are organelles?

Answer 22

They are membrane-bound structures that perform specific functions within a cell

Question 23

What is a pellet?

Answer 23

The sediment at the bottom of a centrifuge tube that contains the heavier organelles of a cell

Question 24

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 24

A cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Question 25

What are ribosomes?

Answer 25

The site of protein synthesis – Either free in the cytoplasm or attatched to the RER

Question 26

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Answer 26

A system of membrane bound flattened sacs with ribosomes on the surface – where proteins are folded and processes

Question 27

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Answer 27

A tubular structure that’s involved in the synthesis, storage and transport of lipids and carbohydrates

Question 28

What are specialised cells?

Answer 28

Cells that have specific structures and functions in the body

Question 29

What is the supernatant?

Answer 29

The clear liquid that remains after centrifugation – contains the lighter organelles

Question 30

What is the vacuole?

Answer 30

A membrane bound organelle that stores fluids and minerals

Question 31

What is a virus?

Answer 31

An infectious microbe that can cause diseases in living cells