Cell Division, Energy, and Organics Test

Question 1

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 1

1 celled organisms copy themselves to make more

Question 2

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 2

2 multicellular organisms

Question 3

What is a zygote?

Answer 3

A fertilized egg

Question 4

Why are cells so small?

Answer 4

Moving nutrients in large cells would be slow

Question 5

What is cellular/binary fission?

Answer 5

cell division in unicellular organisms

1 –> 2 (asexual)

Question 6

What is mitosis?

Answer 6

Parent cell (2n) divides to form 2 daughter cells

Question 7

Meiosis or Mitosis: Somatic/Diploid/Body cells

Answer 7

Mitosis

Question 8

Meiosis or Mitosis: Gamete/Haploid/Sex cells

Answer 8

Meiosis

Question 9

What is a chromosome?

Answer 9

Chromatin (DNA) coils to form chromosomes
Come in pairs
Made of DNA
Made in prophase

Question 10

\ /

/\

Answer 10

A=centrimere
B=chromatid
C=chromosome

Question 11

Interphase -4-

Answer 11

Cell not dividing
DNA forms chromatin
DNA replicates to become double stranded (ex: X)
Most of cell life

Question 12

G1 (Growth/Gap 1/Interphase)

Answer 12

cell grows; organelles made

Question 13

S-Phase (Synthesis/Interphase)

Answer 13

DNA replicates (X)

Question 14

G2 (Growth/Gap 2/Interphase)

Answer 14

cell grows; preparation for division

Question 15

Mitosis -1-

Answer 15

makes copy of nucleus

Question 16

Cytokinesis -1-

Answer 16

cell/cytoplasm divides

new cells enter interphase

Question 17

What are the 4 steps of mitosis?

Answer 17

1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase

Question 18

Prophase (Pack/Mitosis)

Answer 18

Chromatin (DNA) PACKS into coils forming chromosomes
chromosomes can be seen
nuclear membrane breaks down
spindle fibers form

Question 19

Metaphase (Middle/Mitosis)

Answer 19

Chromosomes line up separately in single file across the MIDDLE (equator) of the cell
Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes

Question 20

Anaphase (Away/Mitosis)

Answer 20

Chromatids of double stranded chromosomes seperate

Single stranded chromosomes move AWAY from the middle of the cell as spindle fibers shorten

Question 21

Telophase (Two/Mitosis)

Answer 21

Cell membrane pinches in the middle to begin forming TWO new cells
nuclear membrane reforms around each nucleus

Question 22

Mitosis or Meiosis:

2n –> 2n

Answer 22

MITOSIS

Question 23

Mitosis or Meiosis:

2n –> n

Answer 23

MEIOSIS

Question 24

Prophase 1 (Meiosis)

Answer 24

Homologous (XX) chromosomes join together to form a tetrad
spindle fibers form
crossing over

Question 25

What is a homologous chromosome?

Answer 25

code for same traits but NOT identical

Question 26

What is crossing over?

Answer 26

exchange of genetic information between chromosomes

Question 27

Metaphase 1 (Meiosis)

Answer 27

paired chromosomes line up across the equator | spindle fibers attach

Question 28

Anaphase 1 (Meiosis)

Answer 28

Homologous chromosomes separate | double stranded chromosomes pulled to opposite sides of cell

Question 29

Telophase 1 (Meiosis)

Answer 29

Center pinches cell into 2 cells, each containing 1/2 of genetic info double stranded

Question 30

Cytokinesis

Answer 30

Cytoplasm divides | 2 new cells w/ half the number of chromosomes formed

Question 31

What is the order of steps (10) in Meiosis?

Answer 31

``` Prophase 1 Metaphase 1 Anaphase 1 Telophase 1 Cytokinesis Prophase 2 Metaphase 2 Anaphase 2 Telophase 2 Cytokinesis ```

Question 32

Prophase 2

Answer 32

same as Prophase

Question 33

Metaphase 2

Answer 33

same as Metaphase

Question 34

Anaphase 2

Answer 34

same as Anaphase

Question 35

Telophase 2

Answer 35

same as Telophase

Question 36

Cytokinesis 2

Answer 36

cytoplasm divides | 4 new cells formed

Question 37

How many cells are made from mitosis/meiosis?

Answer 37

2;4

Question 38

What is a karyotype?

Answer 38

picture of chromosome pairs that can show abnormalities

Question 39

What is Trisomy 21 and another name for it?

Answer 39

An extra chromosome in pair 21; Down's syndrome

Question 40

What is crossing over?

Answer 40

When homologous pairs of chromosomes mix DNA

Question 41

What happens to energy when bonds are made? | ADP --> ATP

Answer 41

Energy is stored

Question 42

When happens to energy when bonds break? | ATP --> ADP

Answer 42

Energy is released

Question 43

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 43

plants turn sun's energy into chemical and consumable glucose

Question 44

Where does photosynthesis happen in plant cells?

Answer 44

Chloroplast

Question 45

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 45

CO2 + H2O + energy --> C6H12O2 + O2

Question 46

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 46

uses glucose from photosynthesis to produce ATP (energy)

Question 47

Where does cellular respiration happen?

Answer 47

mitochondria

Question 48

Cellular Respiration equation

Answer 48

C6H12O2 + H2O + O2 --> energy + CO2 + H2O

Question 49

Where does aerobic/anaerobic respiration happen?

Answer 49

mitochrondria/cytoplasm

Question 50

Aerobic respiration (3)

Answer 50

uses oxygen makes ATP, CO2, H2O makes more ATP

Question 51

Anaerobic respiration (5)

Answer 51

no oxygen produces ATP and CO2 makes less ATP happens when oxygen is limited/when no mitochondria creates lactic acid in mammals, alcohol, & CO2 in yeast

Question 52

Carbohydrates

Answer 52

CHO - short term energy

Question 53

Lipids

Answer 53

CHO - long term energy storage

Question 54

Proteins

Answer 54

CHON - structure and regulation

Question 55

Nucleic Acids

Answer 55

CHONP - code for proteins

Question 56

What is a monomer? | What is a polymer?

Answer 56

ex: one bead of a necklace ex: the necklace

Question 57

What are the 4 types of monomers?

Answer 57

1. Sugars 2. Fatty acids 3. amino acids 4. nucleotides

Question 58

What are lipids made of? What bond?

Answer 58

Fatty acids and glycerol Fatty acids link together w/ covalent bonds to form lipids

Question 59

What are carbs made of? What bond?

Answer 59

twice as much hydrogen as carbon and oxygen Simple sugars (monosaccharides) link together w/ covalent bonds to form polysaccharides (polymer)

Question 60

What is another mono/poly ex. of carb?

Answer 60

Glucose (mono) starch (poly)

Question 61

What are the 4 ex. of carbs?

Answer 61

1. Starch in plants for energy storage 2. Glycogen in animals for energy storage 3. Cellulose to give support in cell wall 4. Chitin for support in exoskeletons

Question 62

What is an enzyme? Bonds?

Answer 62

Protein; peptide bond

Question 63

Nucleic Acid: mono/bond

Answer 63

Nucleotide/covalent