Cell Division Test

Question 1

What are the 4 steps of interphase

Answer 1

G1, S1, G2, cytokinesis

Question 2

What happens in G1

Answer 2

cell growth

Question 3

What happens in S1 (synthesis)

Answer 3

DNA replicates

Question 4

What happens in G2

Answer 4

cell growth and prepares to divide

Question 5

Single stranded chromosome

Answer 5

/

Question 6

Double stranded chromosome

Answer 6

X

Question 7

Tetrad

Answer 7

XX

Question 8

What are homologous chromosomes

Answer 8

2 chromosomes that code for the same traits but not identical

Question 9

crossing over

Answer 9

when two homologous chromosomes get tangled, broken, and reattached

Question 10

What are the four steps of mitosis

Answer 10

1. prophase
2. metaphase
3. anaphase
4. telaphase

Question 11

Mitosis

Answer 11

makes 2 normal body cells, somatic, 2n, diploid, skin, heart, blood, etc.
exact same copy/number of chromosomes
46 in humans

Question 12

Meiosis

Answer 12

makes 4 sex cells, gametes, haploid, n, sperm, egg
different from parent
1/2 number of chromosomes
23 in humans

Question 13

fertilization

Answer 13

egg + sperm = zygote (46)

Question 14

Photosynthesis formula

Answer 14

CO2 + H2O + energy –> C6H12O6 + O2

energy –> food

Question 15

Cellular respiration formula

Answer 15

C6H12O6 + O2 –> CO2 + H2O + ATP
food –> energy
all living things

Question 16

Aerobic respiration

Answer 16

with oxygen
makes a lot of ATP
mitochondria
all eukaryotes

Question 17

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 17

without oxygen
makes a little ATP
mammals- lactic acid, CO2
yeast- alcohol and CO2
CO2= waste product

Question 18

Draw a triglyceride

Answer 18

g
l
y ----------------
c
e ----------------
r
o -----------------
l

Question 19

Where are phospholipids found

Answer 19

cell/plasma membrane

Question 20

Lipids

Answer 20

long term energy storage (C,H,O)

Question 21

Monomer of lipid:

Answer 21

fatty acids made of carbon and hydrogen

Question 22

Nucleic acids

Answer 22

codes for proteins (C,H,O,N,P)

Question 23

DNA

Answer 23

stores genetic info

double stranded

Question 24

RNA

Answer 24

makes proteins

single stranded

Question 25

3 parts of nucleotide

Answer 25

phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base

Question 26

monomer of nucleic acids

Answer 26

nucleotide

Question 27

carbohydrates

Answer 27

short term energy storage

Question 28

starch

Answer 28

energy storage in plants

Question 29

glycogen

Answer 29

energy storage in animals

Question 30

monomer of carbs

Answer 30

monosaccharides

Question 31

cellulose | what kind?

Answer 31

in plant cell wall | carb

Question 32

chitin | what kind?

Answer 32

in fungi cell wall and exoskeleton of arthropod | carb

Question 33

protein

Answer 33

structure and regulation

Question 34

monomer of protein

Answer 34

amino acids

Question 35

what makes up a polypeptide

Answer 35

amino acids connected by a peptide bond

Question 36

hemoglobin | what kind?

Answer 36

carries oxygen in red blood cells | protein

Question 37

insulin

Answer 37

regulates blood sugar | protein

Question 38

keratin

Answer 38

makes up hair, fingernails, etc.

Question 39

what does ase mean

Answer 39

enzyme

Question 40

enzyme=?

Answer 40

catalyst; speeds up reactions by lowering the activation energy shape of enzyme fits only 1 substrate, can be reused

Question 41

how does an enzyme become denatured

Answer 41

change in pH or increase in temperature