Cell division quiz 1 Flashcards
(46 cards)
Somatic Cells (Body Cells)
liver,
uterus, skin, nerve, testes, stomach, eye,
etc.
Gametes (Sex Cells)
egg & sperm
only.
Chromosomes:
DNA wrapped
around proteins
(histones).
DNA
= instructions
for protein
synthesis.
Chromatids:
identical
parts of a replicated
chromosome.
-Each contains an identical,
double helix of DNA.
Centromere:
attaches
“sister chromatids”
together.
Genes:
carry the code for making specific proteins!
- Gene
has a specific sequence (order) of
nucleotides that determines the:
* order of amino acids in a polypeptide/protein.
Alleles:
different versions of a
single gene.
Dominant allele:
codes
for a functional protein!
Recessive allele:
codes
for a non-functional
protein.
Homozygous:
2 of the same alleles.
Ex. AA (homozygous dominant)
aa (homozygous recessive)
Heterozygous (hybrid):
2 different alleles.
Ex. Aa
Allele Combinations:
Each person has 2 alleles for a single trait!
Homozygous Dominant:
Ex. AA 🡪 functional proteins supply the “dominant” physical trait.
Heterozygous:
Ex. Aa🡪 ~ 50% of the normal functioning protein = enough to
produce the “dominant trait.”
* Non-functioning proteins from the recessive allele are broken down &
have no effect.
Homologous Chromosomes:
Matching chromosomes
inherited from each
parent.
* Have the same genes
at the same locations,
but possibly different
alleles.
Homozygous Recessive:
Ex. aa🡪 physical trait observed is due to the lack of a functional
protein.
Haploid Cell:
a cell containing
one of each type
of chromosome.
Ex.
* Gametes: egg
& sperm
Diploid Cell:
a cell containing homologous
chromosomes (two of each type).
Ex.
* Somatic Cells
* Germ Cells or Primary Sex
Cells (give rise to egg & sperm)
* the Zygote (fertilized egg)
The Cell Cycle:
period of growth &
division of a cell
(timing differs/cell type.)
- Interphase(word def)
(G1, S, G2) – period between cell
divisions.logest phase of cell life
- Cell Division(word def)
(M Phase –
mitosis & cytokinesis.)
