Cell Divison

Question 1

How long does Interphase last

Answer 1

10-14 hours

Question 2

What are the 3 parts of interphase

Answer 2

G1, Synthesis and G2

Question 3

G1 Phase

Answer 3

growth, synthesis of new organelles and regulatory proteins

Question 4

G2 Phase

Answer 4

centrosomes duplicate, spindle fibers (microtubules) form

Question 5

Synthesis Phase

Answer 5

identical sister chromatids are formed

Question 6

Somatic Cell

Answer 6

non-reproductive cell

Question 7

Gamete

Answer 7

reproductive cells

Question 8

Diploid

Answer 8

2 sets of chromosomes (proper amount)

Question 9

Haploid

Answer 9

1 set of chromosomes

Question 10

Autosome

Answer 10

non-sex chromosome

Question 11

Kinetochore

Answer 11

protein structure that assembles at the centromere

Question 12

Centromere

Answer 12

DNA sequence that links sister chromatids

Question 13

Prophase

Answer 13

chromatin compacted to chromosome, centrosomes separate, cell stretches

Question 13

Pro-metaphase

Answer 13

nuclear membrane breaks, centrosomes at opposite ends, microtubules attach to kinetochores

Question 14

Metaphase

Answer 14

chromosomes align along the center

Question 15

Anaphase

Answer 15

centromeres break, cell elongates, sister chromosomes separate

Question 16

Telophase

Answer 16

chromatin fibers loosen, nuclear membrane forms

Question 17

Animal Cytokinesis

Answer 17

cell pinches, cleavage fold

Question 18

Plant Cytokinesis

Answer 18

formation of the cell plate

Question 19

G1 checkpoint

Answer 19

restriction point, either continues or sent to G0

Question 20

Cyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases

Answer 20

promotes passage through the cell cycle

Question 21

p53

Answer 21

tumour-suppressor protein

Question 22

Apoptosis

Answer 22

Error in the cell that leads to cell death

Question 23

Hallmarks of Cancer

Answer 23

Sustaining proliferative signalling
Evading growth suppressors
Resisting cell death
Enabling replicative immortality
Inductive angiogenesis
Activating invasion and metastasis

Question 24

Gametes

Answer 24

organism's reproductive cells

Question 25

Meiosis

Answer 25

process that produces genetically different gametes

Question 26

Prophase I

Answer 26

nuclear membrane disappears, homologous pairs form tetrads, form recombinant chromatids

Question 26

Chiasma

Answer 26

physical manifestation of the crossing over

Question 27

Synapsis

Answer 27

the fusion of chromosome pairs

Question 28

Crossing Over

Answer 28

non-sister chromatids exchanging genetic materials

Question 29

Anaphase I

Answer 29

homologous pairs separate, haploid,

Question 29

Metaphase I

Answer 29

tetrads are randomly oriented, 2^23 combinations, aligned by pairs in the middle

Question 30

Telophase I

Answer 30

opposite ends of the cell, nuclear membrane reappears

Question 31

Prophase II

Answer 31

nuclear membrane disappears

Question 32

Metaphase II

Answer 32

chromosomes align at the equator

Question 33

Anaphase II

Answer 33

chromosomes drawn to opposite ends

Question 34

Telophase II

Answer 34

DNA decondenses, nuclear membrane forms

Question 35

Spermatogenesis

Answer 35

form in the testes, made from puberty to death, 4 viable cells

Question 36

Oogenesis

Answer 36

form in the ovaries, primary oocytes prenatal, secondary oocytes puberty => menopause, 3 polar bodies 1 viable egg

Question 37

What causes genetic variation

Answer 37

crossing over, independent assortment, random fertilization

Question 38

What is non-disjunction

Answer 38

when chromosomes do not separate

Question 39

3 examples of autosomal trisomy

Answer 39

Patau (13), Edwards (18), Down (21) Syndrome

Question 40

Transcription and translation occur throughout

Answer 40

G0, G1 and G2

Question 41

What stage does the primary oocyte rest pre-natally

Answer 41

Prophase l