Cell Level Systems

Question 1

Magnification

Answer 1

How much larger a displayed image is compared with the original object

Question 2

Resolution

Answer 2

The ability to distinguish between two points

Question 3

Why is staining used

Answer 3

• Some specimens are colourless
• It is useful to highlight different structures
• It increases contrast

Question 4

What is the formula to calculate magnification from image size and actual size?

Answer 4

What is the formula to calculate magnification from image size and actual size?
(The I AM formula)
Image size = Actual Size x Magnification

Question 5

Total magnification

Answer 5

Total magnification =
Eyepiece magnification x Objective lens
magnification

Question 6

Light microscope

Answer 6

Place the specimen on a slide, cover it with a cover slip, illuminate with a lamp and view using the eyepiece

Question 7

Parts of animal cell

Answer 7

Nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes and the cell membrane

Question 8

Give 3 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 8

• Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus
• Prokaryotic cells have plasmid loops of
  DNA
• Prokaryotic cells have no mitochondria

Question 9

Chloroplasts

Answer 9

Site of photosynthesis

Question 10

Vacuole

Answer 10

Supports the cell, contains cell sap

Question 11

State 3 organelles in eukaryotic cells only found in plant cells

Answer 11

• Cellulose cell wall
• Permanent vacuole
• Chloroplasts

Question 12

What is cell wall in bacteria made up of

Answer 12

Peptidoglycan

Question 13

Advantages of using TEM

Answer 13

Very high resolution
Very high magnification
Can see objects up to 2nm apart

Question 14

Disadvantages of using TEM

Answer 14

Very expensive
Need to be serviced
Images in black and white

Question 15

Advantages if using SEM

Answer 15

Faster than TEM
Can have a thicker sample
Less expensive than TEM

Question 16

Disadvantages of SEM

Answer 16

Lower resolution than TEM
Lower Magnification that TEM
Produces a 3D image which is harder to interpret

Question 17

What structures are found in both plant and animal cells

Answer 17

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria

Question 18

What structures are only found in plant cells

Answer 18

Cell wall
Permanent vacuole
Chloroplasts

Question 19

What are multicellular organisms

Answer 19

They are organisms that are made up of more than one cell, eg humans

Question 20

What are unicellular organisms?

Answer 20

They are organism that only contain one cell

Question 21

How do unicellular organisms survive

Answer 21

They have many adaptations
- flagellum
- pili
- slime capsule
- a small loop of dna (different from the bacterial dna in the cytoplam) is stored in the plasmid. It also contains different adaptations that it can give to the organism during times of chemical or osmotic stress

Question 22

How are things organised

Answer 22

Cells ——> tissue ——> organ ——> organ system

Question 23

Nucleus

Answer 23

Contains the genetic material that codes for the function of the cell

Question 24

Cell wall

Answer 24

A structure made of a rigid material named cellulose and surrounds the cell to help provide support to it

Question 25

Chloroplasts

Answer 25

Absorb The Sunlight needed to fuel photosynthesis and are found only implants

Question 26

Flagellum

Answer 26

A small tail like structure found on the outside of the cells that help propel this cell through liquids

Question 27

What is the function of the Pili

Answer 27

Small hair like structures found on the outside of the cell and allow it to attach to different sub cellular structures of other cells and for genetic information to be passed too and from the cell

Question 28

Mitochondria

Answer 28

Mitochondria are small sub cellular structures where cellular respiration takes place. Special protein molecules (enzymes) enable glucose and oxygen to react, this reaction transfers energy to the organism.

Question 29

Cell membrane

Answer 29

The cell wall is a large from selective barrier that is used to control what substances entered out of the cells. It is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 30

Plasmid

Answer 30

A small ring of DNA that contains the genetic information and is found only in prokaryotic cells. Can also give the cells special abilities that can be used in times of osmotic stress.

Question 31

Slime capsule

Answer 31

Slime capsules are found on the side of the cell membrane and are used to protect the cell from poisonous substances and helps stop the cell from drying out

Question 32

What do plant cells and prokaryotes both have that animal cells don’t

Answer 32

A cell wall

Question 33

Can both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a flagella and pili

Answer 33

Yes, both types of cells have have flagella’s and pilis

Question 34

What is the two differences between plant and prokaryotic cells

Answer 34

Plant has dna in nucleus and has chloroplasts Prokaryotes do not have chloroplasts and instead of a nucleus their DNA floats in the cytoplasm

Question 35

Do both prokaryotes and eukaryotes contain ribosomes?

Answer 35

Yes