Inheritance

Question 1

What is genotype

Answer 1

The difference in genes

Question 2

What is a phenotype

Answer 2

The variation in genes that you can see in an organism

Question 3

What is an allele

Answer 3

An allele is a version of a gene that forms a specific characteristic

Question 4

What is genetic variation

Answer 4

Variation determines by genotype

Question 5

What is environmental variation

Answer 5

Variation affected by the phenotype

Question 6

Examples of environmental variation

Answer 6

Nothing

Question 7

Examples lf genetic variation

Answer 7

Eye choir
Hair type
Hair colour

Question 8

Examples of genetic and environmental variation

Answer 8

Heights
Shoes size
Skin colour

Question 9

What is a chromosome

Answer 9

Tightly coiled DNA

Question 10

what is a gene

Answer 10

A section of DNA that codes for a specific characteristic

Question 11

What is reproduction.

Answer 11

The passing down of characteristics to an organisms offspring in order to ensure the species survival

Question 12

What happens in asexual reproduction.

Answer 12

Identical copies of the 1 parent will be made

Question 13

What happens in sexual reproduction

Answer 13

Chromosomes are passed from both parents meaning genetic variation occurs

Question 14

Advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 14

-> less energy used
-> quicker, as only one parent is needed
-> if the parent is well adapted to the environment then the offspring also will be

Question 15

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 15

-> there is no genetic variation amongst the species
-> if a diesease were to affect the organism, tje organisms would not be able to adapt and evolve to .

Question 16

How many chromosomes do normal human cells havw

Answer 16

46

Question 17

How many chromosomes do human gametes have

Answer 17

23

Question 18

Haploid and diploid meaning

Answer 18

-> haploid has 23 chromosomess
-> diploid has 46 chromosomes

Question 19

What is fertilisation

Answer 19

The two gamete’s join
The nuclei fuse
The cell formed is called a zygote

Question 20

What is a genome

Answer 20

All of the genetic material in an organism

Question 21

What is meiosis essentially

Answer 21

It’s mitosis repeated twice, but in the second repeat the cells aren’t replicated

Question 22

Stages of meiosis

Answer 22

Stage 1
-> chromosomes replicated
-> line up along equator
-> pulled to opposite poles kf the cell
-> cell divides
-> cytokinesis

Stage 2
-> chromosomes again line up in centre of cell
-> get pulled apart
-> cell divides

Now, there are only 23 chromosomes as the chromosomes were not replicated in the second phase

Question 23

Why are mitosis and meiosis different

Answer 23

Mitosis has only one stage, and one cell division, and forms 2 genetically identical daughter cells and forms diploid cells

Meiosis has two stages, 2 cell divisions, amd forms 4 genetically different daughter cells from the parent cell. The cells formed are haploid meaning they only have half the number of chromosomes

Question 24

What are genes, alleles chromosomes and DNA

Answer 24

An allele is a specific version of a gene that codes for a particular characteristic. A gene is a section of DNA that carries the instructions for making a protein. DNA is coiled up to form chromosomes, which are found in the nucleus of a cell.

Question 25

What affect do mutations have on organisms

Answer 25

Mutations can give survival advantages or they can be negative, potentially harming protein function

Question 26

What is non coding DNA

Answer 26

Some regions of DNA that do not encode protein sequences

Question 27

What happens when there is a mutation in coding DNA

Answer 27

- This type of mutation causes changes in a protein produced by DNA transcription and translation. - This can affect the protein's structure and/or function.