Cell membrane and passive transport

Question 1

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 1

are cells with no nucleus

Question 2

eukaryotic cell

Answer 2

complex cells with a nucleus and subcellular structure

Question 3

Plasma Membrane

Answer 3

the cells outer boundary, selectively permeable, and plays role in cell communication

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

all cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus. Cytosol is the fluid portion

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

a large organelle containing DNA as chromosomes

Question 6

Chromosomes

Answer 6

each one contains a single molecule of DNA and associated proteins. thousands of hereditary units called genes

Question 7

Fluid mosaic Model

Answer 7

describes the arrangement of molecules within the membrane. lipids act as a barrier to certain polar substances. proteins allow only specific molecule and ions in

Question 8

Integral Proteins

Answer 8

extend into or through the bilayer

Question 9

transmembrane proteins

Answer 9

span the entire lipid bilayer

Question 10

peripheral proteins

Answer 10

attached to inner or out layer of surface but do not extend through the membrane

Question 11

Glycoproteins

Answer 11

membrane proteins with a carbohydrate group attached that extend into the extracellular fluid

Question 12

Glycocalyx

Answer 12

is the entire membrane coating

Question 13

Ligand

Answer 13

is a molecule that binds with a receptor

Question 14

Concentration gradient

Answer 14

is the difference in the concentration of a chemical from one place to another

Question 15

passive processes

Answer 15

substances moving across the cell membrane without the input of energy. High concentration -> low concentration

Question 16

active processes

Answer 16

by using energy to move a substance across the membrane against the gradient.

Question 17

Diffusion

Answer 17

the passive spread of particles through random motion from high to low concentration until at equilibrium.
affected by: temp, surface area, distance

Question 18

Simple Diffusion

Answer 18

nothing is required for substance to go through the membrane

Question 19

Channel-Mediated diffusion

Answer 19

the passage of specific ions through gated channels

blue = blue gate blue =/ purple gate

Question 20

Carrier-Mediated diffusion

Answer 20

the passage of sugars through the membrane

like a revolving door

Question 21

Osmosis

Answer 21

the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 22

tonicity

Answer 22

the concentration of salt solutions in the blood

Question 23

Isotonic

Answer 23

there is the same concentration of particles in both the solution and cell. water doesn’t move

Question 24

Hypotonic

Answer 24

there is a higher concentration in the cell than solution. water enters the cell

Question 25

Hypertonic

Answer 25

there is a higher concentration in the solution than the call. water leaves the cell