Organic Compounds, Lipids and Proteins Flashcards
(24 cards)
Lipids
are a major group of organic molecules. contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen. no 2:1 ratio. Hydrophobic, combine with proteins for transport in blood
Fatty Acids
carboxyl group and hydrogen chain, used to synthesize triglycerides and phospholipids. can be used to generate ATP can be saturated or unsaturated
Saturated Fatty Acid
contains only single covalent bonds between carbon and hydrocarbon chain
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
contains one or more double bonds between carbon and hydrocarbon. has a kink or bend at the site of double bond
phospholipids
important membrane components, both polar and non polar regions. Polar head phosphate group & glycerol molecule, Non- polar fatty acid tails (2)
Amphipathic
both hydrophilic and lipophilic (water and fat loving)
Steroids
based on the lipid cholesterol molecule. are lipids that have four rings of carbon atoms
They include: sex hormones, bile salts, vitamins, cholesterol
Cholesterol
important component of cell membranes, starting material for synthesizing other steroids
Eicosanoids
lipids derived from 20- carbon fatty acid trains called arachidonic
prostaglandins
modify responses to hormones AKA cause pain
leukotrienes
participate in allergic and inflammatory responses
proteins
are larger molecules that contain C, H, O and nitrogen. constructed from different combinations of amino acids
Dipeptides
formed of 2 amino acids joined by a covalent bond called a peptide bond
polypeptide
contain 10-2000 amino acids
Organization of Protiens
Primary. Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
Denaturation
due to hostile environment the protein loses its characteristic shape and function
Fibrous
example of a primary/secondary protein. insoluble in water their peptide chains form long strands that are parallel to each other
Globular
Tertiary and quaternary. more or less soluble in H2O peptide chains are spherical (globular)
Enzymes
proteins that catalyze (speed up) metabolic reactions
by in creasing # of collisions, lowering activation energy, properly orientation. Highly specific. has a variety of cellular controls
Substrate
the substance that the an enzyme has an effect on
Nucleic acids
huge organic molecules composed of monomeric nucleotides. form the principle molecules that contain the genetic code
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid, remain inside the nucleus. master template of our genetic code. Double stranded
RNA
ribonucleic acid, relays instructions from the nucleus to guide assembly of amino acids into proteins in the cytoplasm
Nucleotides
Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate
