Organic Compounds, Lipids and Proteins

Question 1

Lipids

Answer 1

are a major group of organic molecules. contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen. no 2:1 ratio. Hydrophobic, combine with proteins for transport in blood

Question 2

Fatty Acids

Answer 2

carboxyl group and hydrogen chain, used to synthesize triglycerides and phospholipids. can be used to generate ATP can be saturated or unsaturated

Question 3

Saturated Fatty Acid

Answer 3

contains only single covalent bonds between carbon and hydrocarbon chain

Question 4

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

Answer 4

contains one or more double bonds between carbon and hydrocarbon. has a kink or bend at the site of double bond

Question 5

phospholipids

Answer 5

important membrane components, both polar and non polar regions. Polar head phosphate group & glycerol molecule, Non- polar fatty acid tails (2)

Question 6

Amphipathic

Answer 6

both hydrophilic and lipophilic (water and fat loving)

Question 7

Steroids

Answer 7

based on the lipid cholesterol molecule. are lipids that have four rings of carbon atoms
They include: sex hormones, bile salts, vitamins, cholesterol

Question 8

Cholesterol

Answer 8

important component of cell membranes, starting material for synthesizing other steroids

Question 9

Eicosanoids

Answer 9

lipids derived from 20- carbon fatty acid trains called arachidonic

Question 10

prostaglandins

Answer 10

modify responses to hormones AKA cause pain

Question 11

leukotrienes

Answer 11

participate in allergic and inflammatory responses

Question 12

proteins

Answer 12

are larger molecules that contain C, H, O and nitrogen. constructed from different combinations of amino acids

Question 13

Dipeptides

Answer 13

formed of 2 amino acids joined by a covalent bond called a peptide bond

Question 14

polypeptide

Answer 14

contain 10-2000 amino acids

Question 15

Organization of Protiens

Answer 15

Primary. Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary

Question 16

Denaturation

Answer 16

due to hostile environment the protein loses its characteristic shape and function

Question 17

Fibrous

Answer 17

example of a primary/secondary protein. insoluble in water their peptide chains form long strands that are parallel to each other

Question 18

Globular

Answer 18

Tertiary and quaternary. more or less soluble in H2O peptide chains are spherical (globular)

Question 19

Enzymes

Answer 19

proteins that catalyze (speed up) metabolic reactions
by in creasing # of collisions, lowering activation energy, properly orientation. Highly specific. has a variety of cellular controls

Question 20

Substrate

Answer 20

the substance that the an enzyme has an effect on

Question 21

Nucleic acids

Answer 21

huge organic molecules composed of monomeric nucleotides. form the principle molecules that contain the genetic code

Question 22

DNA

Answer 22

deoxyribonucleic acid, remain inside the nucleus. master template of our genetic code. Double stranded

Question 23

RNA

Answer 23

ribonucleic acid, relays instructions from the nucleus to guide assembly of amino acids into proteins in the cytoplasm

Question 24

Nucleotides

Answer 24

Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate