Cell Metabolism Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
______ Consists of all of the chemical
reactions that take place in a cell
A
metabolism
2
Q
What is Aerobic cellular respiration?
A
requires oxygen,
produces carbon dioxide
3
Q
What is anaerobic cellular respiration?
A
does not require oxygen
4
Q
In aerobic cellular respiration cells take in ____ and break it down to into _____ and water, this requires oxygen.
A
Sugar(glucose), carbon dioxide
5
Q
Aerobic cellular respiration produces what?
A
produces energy in the form of
ATP
6
Q
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 +6H2O + Energy
This represents:
A
Aerobic cellular respiration
7
Q
What are the four steps in aerobic cellular respiration?
A
- Glycolysis
- Transition Reaction
- Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
- Electron Transport Chain
8
Q
Where does glycolysis occur?
A
Cytoplasm
9
Q
Glycolosis Splits one glucose into two _____ molecules
A
pyruvate
10
Q
How many ATP and NADH molecules does glycolosis generate
A
2 of each
11
Q
Does glycolysis require oxygen?
A
no
12
Q
Where does transition reaction occur?
A
occurs within the mitochondria
13
Q
In transition reactions Coenzyme A combines with pyruvate and _____ is
removed
A
CO2
14
Q
What is the end result of transition reaction?
A
2 acetyl CoA molecules, 2 NADH, 2 CO2, NO ATP
15
Q
Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
A
mitochondria
16
Q
The end product of the Krebs cycle is ____CO2, ____ ATP, _____ NADH, ______ FADH2
A
4, 2, 6, 2
17
Q
The Krebs cycle starts with ____ Acetyl CoA
A
2
18
Q
Another name for the Krebs cycle is the _____
A
Citric acid cycle
19
Q
In the electron transport chain electrons of ____ and _____ are transferred from one protein to another until they reach ______
A
FADH2, NADH, oxygen
20
Q
True or false: the electron transport chain does require oxygen
A
True
21
Q
The electron transport chain releases energy that results in ____ ATP
A
32
22
Q
What are the two important carriers of electrons in the electron transport chain?
A
NADH and FADH2
23
Q
What do NADH and FADH2 contribute to the electron transport chain?
A
they donate electrons
24
Q
At the end of the electron transport chain _____ accepts the electrons
A
oxygen
25
What is ATP synthase?
transport protein and an enzyme
26
______ is the final electron acceptor from the ETC
oxygen
27
In the _____, the NADH and FADH2 donate
| electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC)
mitochondria
28
In the mitochondria, the NADH and FADH2 ________ to the electron transport chain (ETC)
donate electrons
29
The ETC uses the energy from the electrons to
transport _____ against the concentration gradient,
transporting them from the lumen of the
mitochondria to the intermembrane space.
H+
30
The ETC uses the energy from the electrons to
transport H+ ____ (with/against) the concentration gradient,
transporting them from the lumen of the
mitochondria to the intermembrane space.
Against
31
The ______ transports the H+ back to the
| lumen of the mitochondria.
ATP Synthase
32
The ATPsynthase transports the H+ back to the
| _____ of the mitochondria.
Lumen
33
What is glycolysis?
several step process by which glucose is split into 2 pyruvate
34
What is transition reaction?
One CO2 is removed from each pyruvate, the resulting molecules bind to CoA, forming 2 acetyl CoA
35
What is the citric acid cycle?
cyclic series of 8 chemical reactions by which acetyl CoA is broken down
36
What is the electron transport chain?
Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed from one protein to the next releasing energy for ATP synthesis
37
One molecule of glucose is broken down and ____
| ATP are generated.
36
38
______ is used by the electron transport chain – it
| accepts electrons from the ETC
Oxygen
39
_________ is produced by the Transition
| Reaction and the Citric acid cycle
Carbon Dioxide
40
Glycolysis: Starts the process by taking in glucose.
| Produces ____ ATP
2
41
The ______ produces CO2 and NADH
Transition Reaction
42
The Citric acid cycle: Produces 2 ATP but also
| produces lots of _____ and ______. Produces _____
NADH, FADH2, and CO2
43
One glucose can produce a total of ____ ATP
36
44
```
Which has a higher pH?
A. Extracellular space
(outside the cell)
B. Cytosol
C. Intramembrane space
of the mitochondrion
D. Lumen of the
mitochondrion
```
D. Lumen of the
| mitochondrion
45
Complex Carbohydrates must first be broken down into
| _______ before entering glycolysis
Glucose
46
When you need energy quick, or if there is not
| enough O2 then the cell will use only ________
glycolysis
47
What is anaerobic fermentation?
Breakdown of glucose without oxygen
48
Where does anaerobic fermentation take place?
Takes place entirely in the cytosol
49
Anaerobic fermentation is very _______ - results in only _____ ATP
Inefficient, 2
50
Anaerobic Fermentation: Anaerobic (without
oxygen) pathway to produce ATP from _______
without the Transition reaction, Citric Acid Cycle,
and ETC/ATP synthase stages
glycolysis
51
Anaerobic Fermentation: Anaerobic (without
oxygen) pathway to produce _____ from glycolysis
without the Transition reaction, Citric Acid Cycle,
and ETC/ATP synthase stages
ATP
52
What is the end result of anaerobic fermentation?
2 lactate and 2 ATP produced (from
| glycolysis) and 2 NAD+
53
In anaerobic fermentation glucose is transformed into ___ pyruvic acid + _____ NADH + _____ ATP (glycolysis) then → ____ lactate and ____
NAD+
2, 2, 2, 2, 2
54
When the ETC transports H+ this is called:
A. Simple diffusion
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Active transport
C. Active transport
55
```
What gives the energy to the ETC to do the active
transport
A. ATP
B. GTP
C. e-
D. NADH
E. O2
```
C. e-
56
```
The ETC transports H+ from where to where?
A. Intramembrane space
to cytosol
B. Cytosol to outside the
cell
C. Intramembrane space
to the lumen
D. Lumen to the
Intramembrane space
```
D. Lumen to the
| Intramembrane space
57
```
The ATPsynthase transports H+ from where to
where?
A. Intramembrane space
to cytosol
B. Cytosol to outside the
cell
C. Intramembrane space
to the lumen
D. Lumen to the
Intramembrane space
```
C. Intramembrane space
| to the lumen
58
When the ATP synthase transports H+ this is called:
A. Simple diffusion
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Active transport
B. Facilitated diffusion
59
```
What accepts electrons from the ETC ?
A. ATP
B. GTP
C. CO2
D. NADH
E. O2
```
E. O2
60
```
What is the starting molecule of glycolysis?
A. Acetyl CoA
B. Protein
C. Glucose
D. Pyruvate (pyruvic acid)
```
C. Glucose
61
```
Which stage produces CO2
A. Glycolysis
B. Electron Transport
Chain
C. Transition
D. Citric acid Cycle
E. Both 3 and 4
```
E. Both 3 and 4
62
```
Which stage uses O2
A. Glycolysis
B. Krebs Cycle
C. Electron Transport
Chain
```
C. Electron Transport
| Chain
63
```
Which stage produces the most NADHs
A. Glycolysis
B. Krebs Cycle
C. Electron Transport
Chain
```
B. Krebs Cycle
64
```
Which stage produces the most ATP
A. Glycolysis
B. Krebs Cycle
C. Electron Transport
Chain/ATPsynthase
```
C. Electron Transport
| Chain/ATPsynthase
65
What does the transition reaction begin with?
2 pyruvate (3 carbon molecules), 2 Coenzyme A
66
What does the Krebs cycle begin with?
Start with 2 Acetyl CoA
67
```
Which of the following is found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
A. golgi
B. mitochondria
C. nucleus
D. ribosomes
E. endoplasmic reticulum
```
D. ribosomes
68
```
________ are one celled prokaryotes inhabiting, among other hostile places, hot springs and very salty waters.
A. Archaea
B. Eukarya
C. Animals
D. Bacteria
```
A. Archaea
69
```
Which of the following are prokaryotic organisms?
A. Bacteria
B. Fungi
C. Protists
D. Plants
E. Animals
```
A. Bacteria
70
```
When a molecule passes through the membrane using a protein and going with the concentration gradient, this is called ________.
A. active transport
B. simple diffusion
C. osmosis
D. facilitated diffusion
```
D. facilitated diffusion
71
```
If a cell were placed in a beaker with a solution containing a higher solute concentration as that found inside the cell, we would say that the beaker contained a(n) ________ solution.
A. hypertonic
B. hypotonic
C. heterotonic
D. isotonic
```
A. hypertonic
72
If a cell were placed in a beaker with a solution containing a higher solute concentration as that found inside the cell, would water will be more likely to move into or out of the cell?
A. into the cell
B. out of the cell
B. out of the cell
73
Will Ca2+ be able to pass freely through a cell membrane?
A. Yes
B. No
B. No
74
```
When particles are moved across a membrane using a transport protein, going against the concentration gradient, which of the following processes is responsible for this transport?
A. active transport
B. osmosis
C. facilitated diffusion
D. simple diffusion
```
A. active transport
75
```
Which of these processes brings large solid particles into the cell using a vesicle?
A. facilitated transport
B. phagocytosis
C. exocytosis
D. pinocytosis
```
B. phagocytosis
76
```
Which of these is most abundant in the plasma membrane?
A. cholesterol
B. proteins
C. phospholipids
D. carbohydrates
```
C. phospholipids
77
```
Which of the following is a membranous organelle that modifies, sorts and ships proteins to other organelles or out of the cell?
A. rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. lysosome
D. mitochondria
E. Golgi complex
```
E. Golgi complex
78
```
Which of the following is not a membrane-bound organelle?
A. nucleus
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. ribosome
D. rough endoplasmic reticulum
E. mitochondrion
```
C. ribosome
79
```
Which organelle is where most of the energy is created in the cell in the form of ATP?
A. mitochondria
B. lysosomes
C. Golgi complexes
D. nuclei
```
A. mitochondria
80
```
The organelle known as the ________ makes phospholipids.
A. rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. nucleus
C. golgi
D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
```
D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
81
Cilia and flagella are both made of ________.
A. microfilaments
B. microtubules
C. intermediate filaments
B. microtubules
82
```
Proteins are folded and a carbohydrate tag is added in this organelle:
A. lysosomes
B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. golgi
D. rough endoplasmic reticulum
```
D. rough endoplasmic reticulum
83
```
As a cell grows larger, the surface area:volume ratio:
A. Decreases
B. Stays the same
C. No answer text provided.
D. Increases
```
A. Decreases
84
```
Ricin is a potential chemical warfare agent that kills by disabling the ribosomes. With ricin poisoning, a cell would no longer be able to make ________.
A. lipids
B. carbohydrate
C. proteins
D. nucleic acids
```
C. proteins
85
```
Centrioles are made of what type of cytoskeleton?
Intermediate filaments
A.Intermediate filaments
B. Microfilaments
C. Microtubules
D. No answer text provided.
```
C. Microtubules
86
Which type of cytoskeleton is responsible for dividing cells (divides the cytoplasm) during cell division?
A. Intermediate filaments
B. Microfilaments
C. Microtubules
B. Microfilaments
87
```
Glycolysis starts with one molecule of glucose, results in the production of which of the following?
A. 2 acetyl CoAs
B. 2 lactates
C. 2 pyruvates
D. 2 oxaloacetates
```
C. 2 pyruvates
88
```
Starting with one molecule of glucose, glycolysis results in the net production of how many ATP?
A. 2 ATP
B. 0 ATP
C. 4 ATP
D. 1 ATP
```
A. 2 ATP
89
How many ATP are produced during the Transition Reaction (assume you started glycolysis with one glucose)
A. 0 ATP
B. 4 ATP
C. 1 ATP
D. 2 ATP
A. 0 ATP
90
Which one of the following is end product of the Transition Reaction?
A. acetyl CoA
B. citrate
C. pyruvate
D. lactate
A. acetyl CoA
91
```
Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?
A. mitochondrial outer membrane
B. mitochondrial lumen/matrix
C. mitochondrial intermembrane space
D. mitochondrial inner membrane
```
D. mitochondrial inner membrane
92
```
Which of the following molecules donates electrons to the electron transport chain?
A. oxygen
B. ATP
C. NADH
D. water
```
C. NADH
93
Which of the following metabolic processes take place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?
A. glycolysis and fermentation
B. Electron Transport Chain/ATP synthase
C. Transition Reaction
D. citric acid/Krebs cycle
A. glycolysis and fermentation
94
In the absence of oxygen, human muscle cells can obtain energy by fermentation, which results in the production of which molecules?
You Answered
A. ATP, CO2, and ethanol (ethyl alcohol)
B. ATP, CO2, and acetyl CoA
C. ATP, NADH, and lactate
D. ATP, NAD+, and lactate
D. ATP, NAD+, and lactate
95
Which of the following statements best describes the primary role played by oxygen in cellular respiration?
A. It serves as the final acceptor for electrons from the electron transport chain.
B. It oxidizes glucose to form two molecules of pyruvate.
C. It serves as an acceptor for carbon, forming CO2 in the citric acid cycle.
D. It yields energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the electron transport chain.
A. It serves as the final acceptor for electrons from the electron transport chain.
96
```
Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced during aerobic cellular respiration, total from all the steps combined, if you started with one molecule of glucose?
A. 18-24
B. 4
C. 2
D. 36
```
D. 36
97
When the ATP synthase transports H+ this type of transport is called:
A. Active transport
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Simple diffusion
B. Facilitated diffusion
98
Which stage or stages produce CO2
A. Transition Reaction
B. Transition Reaction and Citric Acid/Krebs Cycles
C. Citric Acid/Krebs Cycle
D. Glycolysis
E. Electron Transport Chain/ATP synthase
B. Transition Reaction and Citric Acid/Krebs Cycles
99
What is the main difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?
Facilitated diffusion occurs through a concentration gradient whereas active transport occurs against the gradient using by using energy from ATP
