Cell Modification

Question 1

3 Types of Cell Modification

Answer 1

Apical Modification
Lateral Modification
Basal Modification

Question 2

Highest point or top of a shape or object (apex)

Answer 2

Apical

Question 3

TYPE of cell modification that is found on the apical surface of the cell

Answer 3

Apical Modification

Question 4

Villi, cilia, flagella, root hairs

Answer 4

Apical Modification

Question 5

also called as a brush or striated border

Answer 5

villi

Question 6

finger-like cytoplasmic extension

Answer 6

villi

Question 7

arises from the cell’s surface

Answer 7

villi

Question 8

increases surface area allowing faster and more efficient absorption

Answer 8

villi

Question 9

regularly arranged in epithelia

Answer 9

villi

Question 10

present in small intestine

Answer 10

villi

Question 11

provides a short distance for the diffusion of food molecules in the blood

Answer 11

villi

Question 12

each villus has a ?

Answer 12

lacteal

Question 13

lymphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fats in the villi of the small intestine

Answer 13

lacteal

Question 14

smaller villi

Answer 14

microvilli

Question 15

elongated, motile structures on the surface of some epithelial cells

Answer 15

cilia

Question 16

short hair-like projections

Answer 16

cilia

Question 17

made up of microtubules

Answer 17

cilia

Question 18

connected to a basal body and extends from the free surface

Answer 18

cilia

Question 19

exhibits rapid back-and-forth movement

Answer 19

cilia

Question 20

found in the respiratory tract

Answer 20

cilia

Question 21

tail-like projections that protrude from the cell body

Answer 21

flagella

Question 22

bundle of nine pairs of microtubules surrounding two central microtubules

Answer 22

flagella

Question 23

same axial structure with cilia but much longer

Answer 23

flagella

Question 24

present in the tail of spermatozoa

Answer 24

flagella

Question 25

long tubular-shaped outgrowths from root epidermal cells

Answer 25

root hairs

Question 26

aids in plant nutrient acquisition, anchorage, and microbe interaction

Answer 26

root hairs

Question 27

increases the root's surface area

Answer 27

root hairs

Question 28

of, at, toward, or from the side/s

Answer 28

lateral

Question 29

TYPE of cell modification that is found on the basal surface of the cell

Answer 29

basal modification

Question 30

tight junction, adherens junction, gap junction

Answer 30

lateral modification

Question 31

intercellular adhesion complexes in epithelia and endothelia

Answer 31

tight junction

Question 32

controls paralcellular permeability

Answer 32

tight junction

Question 33

from the border between the apical and basolateral cell surface domains

Answer 33

tight junction

Question 34

established and maintains cell polarity by restricting the distribution of lipids within the membrane

Answer 34

tight junction

Question 35

establishes a barrier that prevents extracellular fluid across a layer of epithelial cells

Answer 35

tight junction

Question 36

regulates the passage of ions, water, and macromolecules through the regions between cells (paracellular space)

Answer 36

tight junction

Question 37

element of the cell-to-cell junction

Answer 37

adherens junction

Question 38

has cadherin receptors that bridge the neighboring plasma membranes via their homophilic interactions

Answer 38

adherens junction

Question 39

preserves tissue integrity by linking cells and connecting to actin filaments

Answer 39

adherens junction

Question 40

maintains the physical association between cells

Answer 40

adherens junction

Question 41

associates with cytoplasmic proteins which turn bind to cytoskeleton components

Answer 41

cadherin

Question 42

cytoplasmic proteins

Answer 42

catenins

Question 43

anchoring junction on the lateral surface of the cell

Answer 43

adherens junction

Question 44

very similar to the anchoring junction of the basal surface of the cell

Answer 44

adherens junction

Question 45

fastens cells to one another

Answer 45

adherens junction

Question 46

interacts with other proteins including signaling molecules that renders AJs into highly dynamic and regulatable structures

Answer 46

cadherins

Question 47

intercellular channels that allow ions, tiny molecules, and electrical impulses to be exchanged directly between nearby cells

Answer 47

gap junctions

Question 48

communicating junctions

Answer 48

gap junctions

Question 49

closable channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjoining animal cells

Answer 49

gap junctions

Question 50

has the presence of connexon

Answer 50

gap junctions

Question 51

allows direct exchange of chemicals between the cytoplasm of two cells

Answer 51

connexon

Question 52

forming or belonging to a bottom layer (base)

Answer 52

basal

Question 53

found on the basal surface of the cell

Answer 53

basal modification

Question 54

desmosomes and basal infoldings

Answer 54

basal modification

Question 55

specializes cell-to-cell junctions which provide mechanical strength to mechanically stressed tissues

Answer 55

desmosomes

Question 56

mechanically stressed tissues

Answer 56

skin & heart muscle

Question 57

anchoring junction on the basal surface of the cell

Answer 57

desmosomes

Question 58

composed of keratin, integrins, and cadherins

Answer 58

desmosomes

Question 59

rivet-like links between cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix components

Answer 59

desmosomes

Question 60

extracellular matrix components

Answer 60

basal lamina (underlies epithelia)

Question 61

supports the epithelium

Answer 61

basal infoldings

Question 62

passive molecular sieve or ultrafilter

Answer 62

basal infoldings

Question 63

present in mitochondria

Answer 63

basal infoldings

Question 64

shows infoldings and invaginations dividing the base of the cell into many compartments parallel to each other

Answer 64

basal infoldings

Question 65

contains mitochondria to give energy for active transport of ions

Answer 65

basal infoldings

Question 66

increases the lateral surface area and functional capacity of that surface

Answer 66

basal infoldings

Question 67

impermeable junctions

Answer 67

tight junctions

Question 68

lining of the digestive tract

Answer 68

tight junctions

Question 69

? binds to adjacent cells

Answer 69

anchoring junctions

Question 70

adjacent cells

Answer 70

velcro

Question 71

form internal tension-reducing network of fibers

Answer 71

desmosomes

Question 72

plaques on surface of membrane attached to protein filaments

Answer 72

desmosomes

Question 73

found in electrically excitable tissues to synchronize

Answer 73

gap junction

Question 74

electrically excitable tissue

Answer 74

gap junction