Cell Organelles

Question 1

cells vary in:

Answer 1

size, shape, composition, function and mobility

Question 2

what is a unicellular organism?

Answer 2

single celled organism that carries out all the process itself to support life

Question 3

what is a multicellular organism?

Answer 3

two or more celled organism carry out a specialised role and rely on other cells working together to provide needs and remove waste

Question 4

cells are classified as either …

Answer 4

prokaryotic or eukaryotic

Question 5

how do you distinguish pro/eukaryotic cells

Answer 5

size and structure

Question 6

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 6

single celled microorganisms

Question 7

examples of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 7

archaea and bacteria

Question 8

prokaryotic cells consists of a single membrane and all reactions occur within the cytoplasm

(true or false)

Answer 8

true

Question 9

prokaryotes can be free living or parasites and lack membrane bound structures

true/false

Answer 9

true

Question 10

how large are prokaryotes?

Answer 10

small, simple cells
0.1-5 nanometers in diameter

Question 11

what is a nucleiod?

Answer 11

central region that contains DNA

Question 12

ribosome?

Answer 12

non-membrane bound
close association with ER or are free in the cytoplasm

responsible for protein synthesis

electron microscope

Question 13

cell wall?

Answer 13

structure and protection from outside environment

Question 14

cell membrane/plasma membrane?

Answer 14

functions selectively

separates cell from outside environment and control what enters and leaves the cell

present in both plant and animal cells

light+ electron microscope

Question 15

capsule?

Answer 15

layer of carbs that surrounds cell wall to help it attach to surfaces

Question 16

fimbriae?

Answer 16

thin hair like structures that help with cellular attachment

Question 17

pili?

Answer 17

rod shaped structures that help with DNA attachment and DNA transfer

Question 18

flagella?

Answer 18

(larger) tail-like structure that assists in movement

light and electron microscopes

Question 19

nucleus?

Answer 19

largest organelle w/ double membrane bound porous membrane between nucleus and cytoplasm

stores the genetic information in membrane bound structure

carries essential structures called chromosomes

light+electron microscopes

Question 20

mitochondrian?

Answer 20

responsible for energy production and produce energy rich molecules for the cell

double membrane bound+ found in cytoplasm in almost all eukaryotic cells (number of them varies per function of cell)

electron microscope

sites of aerobic respiration and produces energy in form ATP + helps in the transformation of molecules

Question 21

endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 21

network of membranous canals filled with fluid that is the transport system of materials throughout the cell

can be rough or smooth:
- rough: protein manufacture
- smooth: storage organelle and detoxifies the cell

Question 22

vesicuoles and vacuoles?

Answer 22

fluid dilled membrane bound sacks involved with transportation and storage of food/nutrients and waste

plants have larger vacuoles and different number of vacuoles to animal cells

large vacuoles seen in both L+E microscopes

small vacuoles seen in only electron microscope

Question 23

what are eukaryotic organisms?

Answer 23

single or multicellular organisms

Question 24

eukaryotic cells don’t have a membrane bound nucleus and don’t form large and complex organisms

true or false

Answer 24

false

Question 25

examples of eukaryotic cells include protozoa, fungi, plants and animals true or false

Answer 25

true

Question 26

how can eukaryotes maintaining different environments in a single cell be useful?

Answer 26

it allows them to carry out various metabolic reactions and grow larger than prokaryotes

Question 27

how large are eukaryotes?

Answer 27

large and complex cells 10-100 nanometers

Question 28

cytoplasm?

Answer 28

jelly like substance that all cell organelles are suspended in composed of water and organic and inorganic compounds plant and animal cells

Question 29

golgi apparatus?

Answer 29

membrane bound and found in cytoplasm transporting, modifying, packaging proteins and lipids to targeted destinations in cell plant+animal cells only electron microscope

Question 30

chloroplast?

Answer 30

double membrane bound and present in mesophyll cells of leaves in PLANT cells green in colour due to presence of chlorophyll (tracks wavelength of light for photosynthesis) light+electron microscope

Question 31

lysosomes?

Answer 31

single membrane bound digestive enzymes to help remove waste and digest dead damaged cells electron microscope

Question 32

cilia?

Answer 32

hair-like structures outside the cell wall that work like oars to move the cell or extracellular fluid electron and light microscope