Cellular transport

Question 1

movement of molecules between cell membrane is either ____ or ____

Answer 1

passive or active

Question 2

passive cell transport:

Answer 2

diffusion/osmosis
no energy input from cell

hi-lo

Question 3

active cell transport:

Answer 3

requires energy input from cellular energy to actively move molecules

lo-hi

Question 4

diffusion occurs until ____ is achieved

Answer 4

equilibrium

Question 5

energy input is required for diffusion true/false

Answer 5

false

Question 6

difference in concentration is known as the ____

Answer 6

concentration gradient

Question 7

how does temperature affect diffusion?

Answer 7

higher temps –> particles move faster, diffuses faster

Question 8

how does surface area affect diffusion?

Answer 8

larger surfaces diffuse faster

Question 9

how does concentration gradient affect diffusion?

Answer 9

higher gradient–> diffuse faster

Question 10

how does size of particles affect diffusion?

Answer 10

smaller particles diffuse faster

Question 11

how does the diffusion medium affect diffusion?

Answer 11

solid- slowest
liquid- faster
gases- fastest

Question 12

some ___ and charged molecules move too slowly, thus __cannot/can__ diffuse simply into cell membrane

Answer 12

large, cannot

Question 13

____ become membrane transporters, and help _____ movement of molecules across the membrane

Answer 13

proteins, accelerate

Question 14

what is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 14

molecules are assisted by proteins to enter cell membrane

Question 15

each protein acts as a membrane transporter specific to one or several similar solutes

true/false

Answer 15

true

Question 16

what are carrier proteins?

Answer 16

binds with a solute and the protein changes shape to move solute

Question 17

what are channel proteins?

Answer 17

fastest form of transport, opens and closes ‘gates’ based on electrical and physical signals

Question 18

what is osmosis?

Answer 18

movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 19

does osmosis require an energy input?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

what are the special tiny protein channels that water moves through in a cell membrane?

Answer 20

aquaporins

Question 21

tissues with a high water permeability such as kidney cells have more or less aquaporins?

Answer 21

more

Question 22

what is the rate of osmosis affected by?

Answer 22

• solute concentration
• opposing physical pressures/tension exerted

Question 23

if a cell has hypertonic surroundings, it has a _____, therefore, ______

Answer 23

high concentration of solutes and low concentration of water outside the cell

water moves outside the cell

Question 24

if a cell has hypotonic surroundings, it has a _____, therefore, _____

Answer 24

low concentration of solutes and high concentration of water

water moved inside the cell

Question 25

if a cell is in an isotonic environment, ______, therefore______

Answer 25

solutes are balanced with water nothing happens

Question 26

hypotonic surroundings make a cell ____

Answer 26

turgid

Question 27

isotonic surroundings keep a cell _____

Answer 27

normal

Question 28

hypertonic surroundings keep a cell ___

Answer 28

plasmolysed

Question 29

similarities between diffusion and osmosis:

Answer 29

- passive transport - no energy input - keeps going along the concentration gradient - keep going until equilibrium is achieved - high --> low concentration

Question 30

what is active transport?

Answer 30

requires a carrier protein that actively moves molecules from a low concentration to high concentration requires cellular energy

Question 31

does active transport require cellular energy

Answer 31

yes

Question 32

what are the two types of active transport?

Answer 32

endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 33

what is the process of endocytosis?

Answer 33

materials move into the cell --> materials internalised by cell membrane, buds off an area inside to make a pocket, pocket pinched off to make intracellular vesicle

Question 34

what are the three types of endocytosis?

Answer 34

phagocytosis pinocytosis receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 35

what is phagocytosis?

Answer 35

cell eating-- solid intake by cell non selective

Question 36

what is pinocytosis?

Answer 36

cell drinking-- liquid intake by cell non selective

Question 37

what is receptor mediated endocytosis?

Answer 37

very specific process where receptor protein binds with molecule and only lets the material through if it binds

Question 38

what is the process of exocytosis?

Answer 38

materials are excreted from the cell--> sack fuses with inner cell membrane, sack opens up and contents excreted into extracellular fluid