Substances found in living cells

Question 1

what are organic compounds?

Answer 1

chemical substances that are synthesised by living things

Question 2

what are organic compunds composed of mainly?

Answer 2

hydrogen and carbon

Question 3

most organic compounds are very large molecules termed ____ or ____

Answer 3

macromolecules or polymers

Question 4

macromolecules are built up from smaller molecules called ____

Answer 4

monomers

Question 5

what are 4 main examples of organic compounds?

Answer 5

• carbohydrates
• lipids
• proteins
• nucleic acids

Question 6

what are carbs composed of?

Answer 6

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 7

what are monosaccharides? examples?

Answer 7

simple sugars consisting of single units

glucose, fructose, lactose

Question 8

what are disaccharides? examples?

Answer 8

complex sugars consisting of two units

maltose, galactose, sucrose

Question 9

what are polysaccharides?
examples?

Answer 9

complex polymers consisting of more than 5-> 100s of units

starch, cellulose

Question 10

what is the main function of carbs?

Answer 10

quick energy in plants and animals

mitochondria use sugars to produce ATP for energy and function

Question 11

what is used to indicate the positive test for carbs- glucose? what does it do?

Answer 11

benedict’s reagent+heat

turns ORANGE

Question 12

what is used to indicate the positive test for carbs- sucrose? what does it do?

Answer 12

hydrochloric acid+ benedict’s reagent+ heat

turns YELLOW/ GREEN

Question 13

what is used to indicate the positive test for carbs- starch? what does it do?

Answer 13

iodine

turns DARK BLUE/ PURPLE

Question 14

what are lipids composed of?

Answer 14

carbon+hydrogen plus few oxygens

Question 15

what is the consistency of lipids?

Answer 15

oily, greasy and waxy

Question 16

are lipids soluble in water?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

lipids are either ___ or ___

Answer 17

fats or oils

Question 18

fats are ___ at room temp and are ___ products

Answer 18

solid, animal

Question 19

oils are ___ at room temp and are ___ products

Answer 19

liquid, plant

Question 20

lipids ___ large quantities of energy in the ____ both plant and animal cells

Answer 20

store, cytoplasm

Question 21

what are proteins composed of?
these form ____, ___ macromolecules

Answer 21

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

large, complex

Question 22

each chain of nitrogen in proteins are called ___ held by ___ bonds

Answer 22

polypeptides, peptide

Question 23

the ___ and ____ of amino acids determine the type of protein

Answer 23

shape and arrangement

Question 24

what do proteins do in cells? add specifically 3 examples for structure

Answer 24

form structural components in cells
- cytoskeleton of cells,
- bones, tissue, hair
- important part of cell membrane to regulate passage of substances

Question 25

some proteins e.g ____ have a functional role in cells to ____ up rate of reaction in cells

Answer 25

enzymes, speed

Question 26

what is nucleic acid composed of?

Answer 26

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

Question 27

what does nucleic acid do in cells?

Answer 27

genetic code (RNA or DNA) immediate energy (ATP)