Cell Organelles and Functions

Question 1

What are the parts of a cell?

Answer 1

Cell membrane, Golgi body, Mitochondria, Nucleus, Nucleolus, Lysosomes, Cytoskeleton, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Centrioles, Cytoplasm, Vesicles

Question 2

What is a vesicle?

Answer 2

A membrane-bound sac that transports materials into, out of or within the cell

Question 3

What is the structure of a golgi body?

Answer 3

• Series of flattened membranous bags stacked on top of each other.
• Usually positioned near the nucleus

Question 4

What is the function of a golgi body?

Answer 4

The modify proteins and package them in vesicles for secretion from the cell. Vesicles are pinched off from the edges of the membranes.

Question 5

What is the structure of the mitochondria?

Answer 5

Spherical or elongated structures spread through the cytoplasm. Have a double membrane.

Question 6

What do the membranes of the mitochondria do?

Answer 6

The smooth outer membrane surrounds the mitochondrion, while the inner membrane (cristae) is arranged into a series of folds that extend into the interior of the organelle.

Question 7

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 7

• Where some chemical reactions of cellular respiration occur
• The folding of the inner membrane produces large surface area which chemical reactions take place for the cell

Question 8

What is the structure of the nucleus?

Answer 8

• Usually oval or spherical shaped
• Separated from the cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
• Double membrane separated by space
• Nuclear pores in the nuclear membrane

Question 9

What is the function of nuclear pores?

Answer 9

Allow large molecules such as messenger RNA, to enter and leave the nucleus.

Question 10

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 10

Contains genetic material; mostly DNA and controls the structure of cell and way it functions.
- DNA contains the info that determines the type of proteins a cell can make.

Question 11

What is the structure of the Nucleolus?

Answer 11

Composed mainly of RNA. The DNA and nucleolus are suspended in a nucleoplasm.

Question 12

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 12

Plays a part in manufacturing proteins

Question 13

What is the structure of lysosomes?

Answer 13

Small spheres, bound by a membrane, that are firmed from the Golgi body.

Question 14

What is the function of Lysosomes?

Answer 14

• Contain digestive enzymes that are able to break down large molecules
• When particles/liquids are taken into cell they form vesicles in cytoplasm
• Join with vesicles and break down material inside through digestive enzymes
• Digest worn-out organelles.

Question 15

What is the structure of a cytoskeleton?

Answer 15

A framework of protein fibres that give the cell it’s shape and assists cell movement. Consists of microtubules and microfilaments

Question 16

What are microtubules?

Answer 16

Hollow rods that keep organelles in place or move them around the cell

Question 17

What are microfilaments?

Answer 17

Move materials around the cytoplasm or move the whole cell

Question 18

What are ribosomes?

Answer 18

• Very small, spherical organelles
• Join with amino acids to make proteins
• Either free in the cytoplasm or attached to membranes within the cells such as ER

Question 19

What is the structure of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 19

Pairs or parallel membranes that extend through the cytoplasm of the cell to the cell membrane to the nuclear membrane.
- Rough ER - ribosomes attached
- Smooth ER- no ribosomes attached

Question 20

What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 20

• Membranes of ER provide a surface for chemical reactions to occur
• Channels store/transport molecules

Question 21

What are centrioles?

Answer 21

A pair of cylindrical structures usually located near the nucleus; involved in the reproduction of the cell

Question 22

What is the structure of the cytoplasm?

Answer 22

• Thick fluid within the cell membrane and all structures suspended in it. Made up of cytosol and organelles

Question 23

What is cytosol?

Answer 23

The liquid part of the cytoplasm where most metabolic reactions occur.

Plays a role in controlling the osmotic pressure of the cell and the flow of chemicals into/out of cell

Question 24

What is the structure of the cell membrane?

Answer 24

The outer boundary of the cell that separates it from neighbouring cells and from the external environment.
- Made up of a double layer of lipid molecules and associated proteins

Question 25

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 25

- Determines which substances get into/out of cell - Encloses the contents of the cell and controls what is able to enter/leave

Question 26

What are inclusions?

Answer 26

Chemical substances that are not part of the cell structure but are found in the cytoplasm of the cell. - Haemoglobin

Question 27

What is cilia?

Answer 27

Fine, short and numerous projections that beat back and forth to move either the whole cell or substances over the surface of the cell - Cells lining the trachea: move mucus/trapped particles towards throat

Question 28

What is the flagella?

Answer 28

Long projections, there are only one or two of them - Found on sperm cell enables sperm to swim to egg.

Question 29

What substances do cells require and produce?

Answer 29

During cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are used to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy. Therefore, cells need to be supplied with oxygen and glucose, while carbon dioxide and water are removed.

Question 29

How do cells carry out their functions?

Answer 29

Cells need to take in certain substances from the tissue fluid. As they process these substances, they produce materials that must then be removed from the cell.

Question 30

What other substances do cells produce.

Answer 30

- Substances that will be used elsewhere in the body, such as hormones and enzymes. - Other wastes, in addition to carbon dioxide, are also produced. All these products are released into the tissue fluid