Flashcards in Cell Physiology Deck (27):
1
Autoregulation
Myogenic - local baroreceptors react to vascular stretching/relaxing by constricting/dilating vessel
Metabolic - local chemoreceptors constrict/dilate in response to high metabolic waste/low O2
2
Cellular components
Nucleus
Ribosome - translation
Golgi apparatus - modifies and packages proteins
Rough ER - makes proteins, attached to ribsome
Smooth ER - makes lipids
Mitochondira - ATP production
Lysosome - cell digestion
Cytoskeleton
Membrane
3
Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic
Pro - no nucleus, slime capsule, complex cell wall, no carbs/sterols in membrane, small ribosome
Euk - nucleus, complex glycocalyx, simple cell wall, carbs/sterols in membrane, large ribosome
4
Cellular composition
H20 - 80%
Protein - 10-20%
Carbs - 1-5%
5
ICF electrolyte levels
Na+
K+
Ca+2
Cl-
HCO3-
pH
Na+ - 14
K+ - 120
Ca2+ - 1*10-4
HCO3- - 10
pH - 7.1
Protein - 16
6
Osmotic pressure
Pressure required to stop the flow of H20 across a membrane
7
Oncotic pressure/colloid osmotic pressure
Osmotic pressure across a blood vessel
8
Resting membrane potential
~-70mv
9
Diffusion potential
Potential created when an ion crosses a membrane while diffusing down its concentration gradient
10
Equilibrium potential
Charge at which an ion stops diffusing
11
Threshold
~-60 mv
12
Types of cell transport
Simple - diffusion across membrane
Facilitated (passive) - diffusion through channels
Primary active - pumped up gradient, ATP used at pump
Secondary active - pumped up gradient, ATP used elsewhere
13
Cotransport/symport vs Countertransport/antiport
Sym - moving in same direction
Anti - moving in opposite directions
14
Saturation kinetics
Can't increase transport rate when all transporters are in use
15
Partition coefficient
Oil vs H2O solubility - higher equals more lipid soluble
16
What determines diffusion?
Concentration gradient
Surface area
Diffusion coefficient (solute shape/size)
Partition coefficient (lipid/H20 solubility)
Membrane thickness
17
Hyperpolarization
K+ lowers membrane potential below resting potential (~-85) before K+ gates close
18
Absolute refractory period
Na+ gates are open but inactivated, occurs during repolarization, no additional AP possible
19
Atrophy
Loss of cell mass
20
Hypertrophy
Increase in cell mass
21
Hyperplasia
Increase in cell number
22
Dysplasia
Abnormal change in size, shape or arrangement of cells; often associated w/ cancer
23
Metaplasia
Replacement of one cell type by another
24
Ways to influence synaptic transmission
Block neurotransmitter release
Block receptor
Prevent neurotransmitter production
Use up transmitter
Increase transmitter esterase
Bind and change transmitter
Prevent reuptake of transmitter
25
Inhibitory neurotransmitters
GABA and Glycine
26
Free radicals
Byproducts of metabolism that have an unpaired electron - can donate to and damage DNA
Absorbed by antioxidants
27