Cell Quiz Review

Question 1

Do cells have variety, or are they all just circles and squares?

Answer 1

Yes! Cells have lots of variety, and they are all unique

Question 2

Who created the term “cells”?

Answer 2

Robert Hooke coined the term “cells” in 1665 when he looked at cork under a microscope

Question 3

Who is the “father of microbiology”?

Answer 3

Leeuwenhoek is known as the father of microbiology, he looked at live cells

Question 4

What is part 1 of cell theory?

Answer 4

1. All living things are made of cells

Question 5

What is part 2 of cell theory?

Answer 5

2. Cells are the building blocks of life

Question 6

Who created parts 1 and 2 of cell theory?

Answer 6

Schleiden and Schwann are the creators of parts 1 and 2 of cell theory

Question 7

What is part 3 of cell theory?

Answer 7

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 8

Who created part 3 of cell theory?

Answer 8

Virchow was the creator of part 3 of cell theory

Question 9

Do cells with different functions have different shapes?

Answer 9

YES! The shape of the cell helps it do it’s job, so they all have different shapes

Question 10

What are the 4 parts that all cells have in common?

Answer 10

The 4 parts are a Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, and some form of DNA

Question 11

What are the 2 types of cells?

Answer 11

The 2 types of cells are Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic - the main difference is how they store their DNA

Question 12

Do Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?

Answer 12

No! Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. They have circular DNA, and they store their it in the cytoplasm instead

Question 13

Do Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus?

Answer 13

Yes! Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus. They have linear DNA, and they store it in the nucleus

Question 14

What are organisms that have Prokaryotic cells called?

Answer 14

Organisms that have Prokaryotic cells are called Prokaryotes, and they are single-celled organisms. These are the most common type of organism, and also the least advanced

Question 15

What are organisms that have Eukaryotic cells called?

Answer 15

Organisms that have Eukaryotic cells are called Eukaryotes, and they are found in multi-cellular organisms. These cells are usually larger, and they contain other organelles so they can carry out more functions

Question 16

What are organelles?

Answer 16

Organelles are structures in the cytoplasm that perform a specific job for the cell. Ribosomes are the ONLY organelle in Prokaryotic cells

Question 17

Which domains of life contain Prokaryotic cells?

Answer 17

The Bacteria and Archaea domains have Prokaryotic cells

Question 18

What kingdoms contain Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 18

The Plants, Animals, Fungi, and Protists all contain Eukaryotic cells

Question 19

What are the 4 things that EVERY living thing has?

Answer 19

Every living thing has DNA, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, and a Cell Membrane

Question 20

What are proteins made of?

Answer 20

Proteins are made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (hint. CHON)

Question 21

What is the monomer (building block) of a protein?

Answer 21

The monomer of a protein is an amino acid

Question 22

How many different types of amino acids are there?

Answer 22

There are 20 total types of amino acids

Question 23

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Answer 23

The primary structure of a protein is the order of the amino acids

Question 24

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

Answer 24

The secondary structure occurs when the amino acid sequences are link by Hydrogen bonds to form Beta Pleated Sheets and Alpha Helices

Question 25

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

Answer 25

The tertiary structure occurs when attractions are present between Beta Pleated Sheets and Alpha Helices

Question 26

What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

Answer 26

The quaternary structure occurs when there is more than 1 amino acid chain inside the protein

Question 27

What are some of the many functions of a protein?

Answer 27

Some of the functions of proteins are to provide structure and support, help the immune system, transport materials, as enzymes to speed up reactions, and more!

Question 28

What changes from one amino acid to another?

Answer 28

The variable side chain, R, changes from one amino acid to another. Each amino acid has a different side chain to make it unique

Question 29

What do amino acids bond together to form?

Answer 29

Amino acids bond together to form polypeptides

Question 30

How many types of amino acids can humans synthesize?

Answer 30

Humans can synthesize 12 of the 20 amino acids. The other's are the "essential amino acids" and must be consumed in food

Question 31

What are nucleic acids made of?

Answer 31

Nucleic acids are made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus (hint. CHONP)

Question 32

What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?

Answer 32

The monomer of a nucleic acid is called a nucleotide

Question 33

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 33

The 3 parts of a nucleotide are a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 34

What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?

Answer 34

The 2 different nucleic acids are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Question 35

Where is DNA found?

Answer 35

DNA is found ONLY in the nucleus

Question 36

Where is RNA found?

Answer 36

RNA is found in the nucleus OR the cytoplasm

Question 37

What is the function of nucleic acids?

Answer 37

The function of nucleic acids is to contain and store the genetic code

Question 38

What is DNA the blueprint of?

Answer 38

DNA is the blueprint of how to assemble proteins

Question 39

What do nucleotides bond together to form?

Answer 39

Nucleotides bond together to form polynucleotides

Question 40

What is the sugar-phosphate backbone?

Answer 40

The sugar-phosphate backbone is the backbone that holds the DNA strands together. It is formed by the sugar of one nucleotide bonding to the phosphate group of the next, and so on

Question 41

What happens to the nitrogenous bases on the sugar-phosphate backbone?

Answer 41

The nitrogenous bases stick out from the sugar-phosphate backbone - bonds form between them to hold the 2 strands of DNA together

Question 42

What are the different types of nitrogenous bases?

Answer 42

The 4 types of nitrogenous bases are cytosine (C), adenine (A), guanine (G), and thymine (T) in DNA, or Uracil (U) in RNA

Question 43

What is the CG base pair?

Answer 43

The CG base pair represents the 3 hydrogen bonds that form between cytosine and guanine

Question 44

What is the AT base pair?

Answer 44

The AT base pair represents the 2 hydrogen bonds that form between adenine and thymine

Question 45

What are the bonds between the nitrogenous bases known as?

Answer 45

Complementary base pairs

Question 46

Do any nitrogenous base bond with any other, or do they only bond with specific ones?

Answer 46

Nitrogenous bases will only bond with specific ones! Cytosine will always bond with guanine, and adenine will always bond with thymine

Question 47

What do the bonds between the nitrogenous bases allow the molecule to do?

Answer 47

The bonds between the nitrogen bases allow the molecule to form it's classic double helix shape - without those bonds the strands wouldn't be able to keep that shape

Question 48

How many strands does RNA have?

Answer 48

RNA is single-stranded. It doesn't form a helix, and is temporary and less stable

Question 49

How many RNA bases correspond to 1 amino acid?

Answer 49

3 RNA bases represent 1 amino acid

Question 50

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 50

DNA contains the genetic instructions for the sequence of amino acids in proteins

Question 51

What is the function of RNA?

Answer 51

RNA uses the information in DNA to assemble the amino acids and make the protein