Cell Signaling 2020

Question 1

these carry messages from signaling cells to target cells

Answer 1

Chemical messengers

Question 2

types of chemical messengers

Answer 2

hormones
neuro hormones
amino acids

Question 3

4 types of chemical messengers

Answer 3

Endorcrine
paracrine
autocrine
Neurocrine

Question 4

this messenger is sythesized by endocrine glands, transported by blood

Answer 4

endorcine messenger

Question 5

messenger cells that travel thru interstitial fluid/ also called Juxtacrine

Answer 5

Paracrine messenger

Question 6

this messenger acts on same cells

Answer 6

autocrine cells

Question 7

neurotransmitters and neurohormones that carries info from one nerve to another nervel

Answer 7

neurocrine messenger

Question 8

Receptor cells

Answer 8

where cells bind to stimulate the cells response

Question 9

3 types of intercellular communication

Answer 9

Neural communication
Endocrine
Paracrine

Question 10

this intercellular messenger releases hormones to the blood

Answer 10

endocrine communication

Question 11

this intercellular communication releases into interstitial fluid

Answer 11

paracrine commu

Question 12

intercellular communication that releases at SYNAPSE and travel long distance

Answer 12

neural communication

Question 13

for substance to pass freely without passing the ECF

Answer 13

Gap junctions

Question 14

Releases cell that affects itself

Answer 14

Autocrine communications

Question 15

How cells communicate with each other

Answer 15

Ligand > receptor >intercellular protein > target porteins

Question 16

Overview of how cells communicate

Answer 16

1. Recognition
2. Transduction
3. Transmission
4. Response

Question 17

Types of regulation of receptors

Answer 17

1. Up regulation
2. Down reg.
   a. Internalization
   b. Desensitization

Question 18

increases the number in active receptors

Answer 18

up regulation

Question 19

decreases the responsiveness

Answer 19

desensitization

Question 20

decrease in number of receptors

Answer 20

internalization

Question 21

this is decreasing the number or activity of receptors

Answer 21

Down regulation

Question 22

different types of receptors

Answer 22

1. ion channled
2. g protein
3. enzyme linked
4. nuclear receptors

Question 23

what does the ligand-ion change

Answer 23

the ionic permeability i the plasma membrane

Question 24

also known as the 7 helix receptor

Answer 24

G protein receptor

Question 25

the 3 subunits in the g-proteins

Answer 25

alpha beta gamma subunits

Question 26

where does GDP incative or GTP active attaches in the g protein

Answer 26

alpha subunit

Question 27

what is the activated state of GDP

Answer 27

GDP is exhanged for GTP in the alpha subunit

Question 28

they pass thru the membrane only once

Answer 28

Enzyme linked receptors

Question 29

where is the hormone binding site of the enzyme linked receptors

Answer 29

Outside the cell

Question 30

when hormones binds outside | does the enzyme inside the cell activate immediately?

Answer 30

Yes. enzymes are activated inside

Question 31

Nuclear receptors bind with these inside the cells

Answer 31

lipid soluble ligands

Question 32

Nuclear receptor types

Answer 32

Type I - Cytoplasmic receptor | Type II - Nuclear Receptor

Question 33

these nuclar receptor bind to the cytoplasm by chaperone proteins

Answer 33

cytoplasmic receptor or Type I

Question 34

this receptor is bound to the DNA and leads to formation of the hormone complex receptor

Answer 34

Type II receptor or Nuclear Receptor

Question 35

Does a conformational change occur that allows receptor to dissociate from chaperones?

Answer 35

Yes it does.

Question 36

this process converts one kind of signal into another kind of signal

Answer 36

transduction

Question 37

signal tranduction cell cannot change its behavior to receptor ligand interaction

Answer 37

false. it can

Question 38

This is the primary or 1st messenger

Answer 38

Ligand

Question 39

What is the function of the 2nd messenger

Answer 39

relays the signal from one location to another. such as from plasma membrane to nucleus

Question 40

the 4 signal transduction pathways

Answer 40

1. Ligand 2. gprotein 3. kinase linked 4. Nuclear receptors

Question 41

Gaba and NMDA are ion hanneled pathways that cause

Answer 41

Depression

Question 42

what is the function of RGS

Answer 42

facilitiates in inactivation of signaling