cell specialisation Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is the function of palisade mesophyll cells?
carry out photosynthesis
Name two ways palisade mesophyll cells are specialised.
Lots of chloroplasts to absorb light.
Found near the top of the leaf to absorb more light.
How is a sperm cell adapted to its function?
It has a tail to swim, enzymes to enter the egg, and many mitochondria for energy.
How is a egg cell adapted to its function?
Large size with nutrients in cytoplasm.
Changes after fertilisation (zona pellucida) to block other sperm.
What is the main function of root hair cells?
To absorb water and minerals.
How are root hair cells adapted for this function?
Long “hair-like” extension for large surface area.
No chloroplasts (underground, no light).
Thin cell wall to allow water to enter easily.
What is the main function of white blood cells?
To protect the body from infection and destroy pathogens
How are white blood cells adapted for this function?
Can change shape to engulf microbes (phagocytosis).
produce antibodies or engulf bacteria.
Why don’t red blood cells have a nucleus?
To carry more haemoglobin and oxygen.
How are red blood cells adapted for this function?
Biconcave shape to increase surface area.
Filled with haemoglobin to carry oxygen
