Cell Structure

Question 1

how does the rough endoplasmic recticulum differ from the smooth endoplasmic recticulum

Answer 1

contains ribosomes on surface

Question 2

desccribe how the RER is involved in the production of enzymes

Answer 2

ribosomes that allow for the synthesis of proteins

Question 3

what do the ribosomes provide in the RER

Answer 3

creates a pathway for transport of materials through cell

Question 4

what is the function of the mitochondria

Answer 4

produces ATP and site of aerobic respiration

Question 5

how can we identify the cristae

Answer 5

extension of a membrane
so the skinny line

Question 6

what does the matrix contain

Answer 6

proteins
lipids
DNA
ribosomes

Question 7

what do the things in the matrix allow for the mitochondria to do

Answer 7

allows it to control the production of proteins

Question 8

what does the soft endoplasmic recticulum
store
transport
synthesise

Answer 8

carbohydrates
lipids

Question 9

what does the SER do

Answer 9

store
transport
synthesises
–> carbohydrates
–> lipids

Question 10

what does the golgi apparatus do

Answer 10

packages and modifies proteins and lipids

Question 11

what does the golgi apparatus modify protein as

Answer 11

glycoproteins
from carbohydrates

Question 12

what does the Golgi vesicle do

Answer 12

the vesicles fuse with the membrane
and release contents outside

Question 13

what does the golgi apparatius package, modify and label

Answer 13

proteins
lipids

Question 14

where is the golgi apparatus well developed

Answer 14

epithelial cells

Question 15

what does the golgi apparatus make

Answer 15

lysosomes

Question 16

what are the name of the hydrolytic enzymes of lysosomes

Answer 16

lysozymes

Question 17

why are lysozymes released out the cell via exocytosis

Answer 17

destroy material

Question 18

what is autolysis of a lysosome

Answer 18

breaking down cells after they’ve died

Question 19

what is the function of ribosomes

Answer 19

for protein synthesis

Question 20

what is the 80S ribosome

Answer 20

found in eukayotes

Question 21

where are the 70S ribosomes located

Answer 21

in prokaryotes

Question 22

what are eukaryotic

Answer 22

multicelulluar cells found in organisms

Question 23

what are examples of eukaryotes

Answer 23

plants
animals

Question 24

what are prokaryotes

Answer 24

unicellualr organisms

Question 25

what are examples of prokaryotic cells

Answer 25

bacterai and fungi

Question 26

where is the nuclear envelope

Answer 26

surrounds the nucleus

Question 27

what does the nuclear envelope control

Answer 27

entry and exit of materials in and out of materials

Question 28

what does the nuclear envelope contain

Answer 28

reactions

Question 29

what does the nuclear pores do?

Answer 29

allows for the passage of LARGE molecules out the nucleus mRNA

Question 29

what does the nuclear pores do?

Answer 29

allows for the passage of LARGE molecules out the nucleus mRNA

Question 30

what does the nucleous manufacture

Answer 30

ribosomal RNA assembles ribosomes

Question 31

what is the function of the nucleus

Answer 31

contains genetic material in form of DNA & chromosomes

Question 32

what does the nucleus manufacture

Answer 32

ribosomes

Question 33

what are stacks of thylakoid

Answer 33

grana

Question 34

what is a thylakoid ?

Answer 34

one stack

Question 35

what does the thylakoid contain

Answer 35

contains chloroplast

Question 36

where does the 1st stage of phtosynthesis occur

Answer 36

grana

Question 37

what dos the fluid in the stroma contain

Answer 37

enzymes responsible for stage 2 of photosynthesis sugars

Question 38

how does the structure of the cell wall relate to the function

Answer 38

microfibrils made up of cellulose to provide mechanica strength.

Question 39

what is the function of the vacoule

Answer 39

acts as a temporary food store for amino acids

Question 40

what does a bacterial cell have that eukaryotes dont

Answer 40

plasmid DNA flagellum cell wall [animals] strand of DNA

Question 41

describe the difference in the size of ribosomes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 41

smaller in prokaryotes 70S bigger eukaryotes

Question 42

what is the cell wall made up of in prokaryotes

Answer 42

murein

Question 43

what does the cytoplasm of a prokaryote not have

Answer 43

membrane-bound organelles e.g mitochondria

Question 44

true or false prokaryotes contain chloroplasts

Answer 44

FALSE

Question 45

what are viruses

Answer 45

accelular and non living particles

Question 46

what surrounds the surface of a virus

Answer 46

attachment proteins

Question 47

what is located in the caspid

Answer 47

genetic material. RNA reverse transcriptitase enzymes

Question 48

name the process where prokaryotes divide

Answer 48

binary fission

Question 49

describe the role of lysosmes

Answer 49

fuse with vesicle and release hydrolytic enzymes

Question 50

why is the solution bufferedd

Answer 50

maintains pH so enzymes dont denature

Question 51

what polysaccharide is the cell made from

Answer 51

cellulose

Question 52

true or false the golgi apparatus is surrounded by two membranes

Answer 52

FALSE

Question 53

highlight the contrsts betwee TEM and a light microscope

Answer 53

greater detail in organelles TEM ccomplex staining process live in light dead and under vaccum TEM TEM no colour light yes

Question 54

what is meant by isotonic

Answer 54

prevents osomosis so there is no lysis/shrinkage of organelles

Question 55

how can we observe position of starch grains in cells using light microscope

Answer 55

-add drop of water to slide -place plant tissue on slide -stain with iodine lower cover slip using mounted needle

Question 56

what happens once the DNA and plasmids replicate

Answer 56

cell elongates and DNA moves to opposite poles

Question 57

what happens when DNA moves to opposite poles

Answer 57

chromosomes divide producing daughter cells