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biology module 2 > Cell structure > Flashcards

Cell structure Flashcards

1
Q

what is the nucleus responsible for

A

contains the coded genetic information in the form of DNA molecules

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2
Q

what is the role of a nuclear membrane

A

protection of nucleus

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3
Q

what is the role of nuclear pores

A

allows molecules into and out of the nucleus

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4
Q

what proteins form chromatin in DNA

A

histones

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5
Q

what is the nucleolus responsible for

A

production of RNA

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6
Q

what is the role of mitochondria

A

site of cellular respiration

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7
Q

what is the inner membrane of a mitochondria called

A

cristae

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8
Q

what is the fluid interior in the mitochondria called

A

matrix

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9
Q

what are lysosomes responsible for

A

breaking down waste material using hydrolytic enzymes

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10
Q

what are 3 components of the cytoskeleton

A

microfilaments
microtubules
intermediate fibres

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11
Q

what are microfilaments responsible for

A

cell contraction

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12
Q

what are microtubules responsible for

A

act as tracks for the movement of vesicles and organelles

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13
Q

what are intermediate fibres responsible for

A

give mechanical strength for the cell

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14
Q

what are centrioles responsible for

A

organisation of spindle fibres

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15
Q

what is the role of RER

A

synthesis and transport of proteins

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16
Q

what is the role of SER

A

lipid and carbohydrate syntheis and storage

17
Q

what is role of ribosomes

A

site of proteinsynethesis

18
Q

what organelles contain ribosomes

A

chloroplasts
mitochondria

19
Q

what is role of golgi apparatus

A

modifying and packaging proteins

20
Q

describe the process of proteinsynthesis

A

1) trnascription of mRNA to DNA and moves out of nucleus via the nuclear pore
2) attach to a ribsosome in the RER where it is translated
3) vesicle fuges and murges with cell membrane to move out organelles
4) modified in the golgi apparatus
5) using vesicle, protein is transported to the plasma membrane where exocytosis occurs

21
Q

what is the role of a cellulose cell wall

A

permeable to allow substances in and out

give the cell the shape

22
Q

what is the role of a vacuole

A

make the cell rigid

storage of substances

23
Q

what is the membrane of a vacuole called

A

tonoplast

24
Q

what is the fluid in chloroplasts called

A

stroma

25
Q

what are the size of ribosomes in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

prokaryotes- 70S
eukaryotes- 80S

26
Q

what are prokaryotic cell walls made up of

A

peptidoglycan

27
Q

define magnification

A

how many times larger the image is than the actual size of the object being viewed is

28
Q

define resolution

A

the ability to distinguish between different entities

29
Q

what is the resolution of TEM

A

0.5nm

30
Q

what is the resolution of SEM

A

3-10nm

31
Q

what image does TEM and SEM produce

A

TEM- 2D
SEM- 3D

biology module 2 (10 decks)

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