Cell Structure

Question 1

Function of the nucleus

Answer 1

Site of DNA replication and transcription
Contains the genetic code

Question 2

Features of the nucleus ( 5)

Answer 2

Nuclear envelope - surrounds the nucleus I
Nuclear pores between nuclear envelopes
Nucleoplasm - jelly like substance in the nucleus
Chromatin - protein bound in linear DNA
Nucleolus - structure that makes ribosomes

Question 3

Function of the mitochondria

Answer 3

Site of aerobic respiration

Question 4

Features of the mitochondria

Answer 4

Contains DNA ( code for enzymes in respiration)
Has a double membrane
Contains its own proteins + lipids

Question 5

Function of endoplasmic reticulum (rough)

Answer 5

Site of protein synthesis
Cisternae - fluid filled sac

Question 6

Function of endoplasmic reticulum (smooth)

Answer 6

Synthesises and processes lipids + carbohydrates

Question 7

Features of ribosomes

Answer 7

No membrane
70s = prokaryotic cell, mitochondria, chloroplast
80s = eukaryotic cell
Made of proteins and RNA

Question 8

Function of Golgi apparatus

Answer 8

Process and package new proteins and lipids
Make lysosomes

Question 9

Function of lysosomes

Answer 9

Fuse with vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes (lysozyme) .
Break down worn out cells (autolysis)
Digest worn out organelles

Question 10

Function of cell membrane (plasma membrane)

Answer 10

Controls movement in and out of cell

Question 11

Features of plasma membrane

Answer 11

Phospholipid bilayer
Proteins embedded within it (carrier /channel proteins)
Antigens on the outside of membrane

Question 12

Function of chloroplast

Answer 12

Site of photosynthesis (occurs in the grana and stroma)

Question 13

Features of the chloroplast

Answer 13

Stroma- liquid containing enzymes
Contains circular DNA and ribosomes (70s)
Lamella - a membrane that links thylakoid

Question 14

Function of cell wall

Answer 14

Strengthens the cell to prevent change due osmotic pressure

Question 15

Features of cell wall

Answer 15

Plant: mainly made of cellulose and microfibrils
Fungi: made of chitin (contains more nitrogen)

Question 16

Function of vacuole

Answer 16

Maintains pressure and turgidity of cell
Temporary store of sugars and amino acids
Membrane = tonoplast

Question 17

Features of viruses

Answer 17

Acellular-not a cell ( nucleic acid surrounded by proteins)
Neither prokaryotic or eukaryotic (obligate intracellular parasite)
Not living things
Smaller than bacteria (less than 0.1 micrometers)

Question 18

How do viruses reproduce?

Answer 18

All viruses invade and reproduce in host cells

Question 19

Structures of viruses

Answer 19

RNA: genetic information
Reverse transcriptase: enzyme for replication
Capsid: protein coat containing nucleic acid.
Envelope: outer layer made of membrane from host cells
Glycoprotein: allows virus to attach to host cell