Cell Structure

Question 1

What is a prokaryote

Answer 1

Single celled organisms

Question 2

What is a eukaryote

Answer 2

Complex eg animal and plant cells

Question 3

What is the plasma membrane also called?

Answer 3

Cell surface membrane

Question 4

Where is the plasma membrane found?

Answer 4

On the surface of animal cells and just inside the cell wall of plant cells and prokaryotic cells

Question 5

What are the main components of the plasma membrane?

Answer 5

Mainly lipids and protein

Question 6

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 6

Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 7

What additional feature does the plasma membrane have?

Answer 7

Receptor molecules that allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones

Question 8

What is the cell wall?

Answer 8

A rigid structure that surrounds plant cells

Question 9

What is the cell wall mainly made of?

Answer 9

The carbohydrate cellulose

Question 10

What is the primary function of the cell wall?

Answer 10

Supports plant cells

Question 11

True or False: Membranes can sometimes cause confusion by being mistaken for whole cells.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The plasma membrane regulates the movement of substances into and out of the _______.

Answer 12

Cell

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The cell wall is made mainly of _______.

Answer 13

Cellulose

Question 14

What does the cytoplasm contain

Answer 14

Vesicles-fluid filled sacs that transport substances around the cell

Question 15

What is the cytoskeleton made of?

Answer 15

Microfilaments-made up of actin,helps cell move and contract during cytokenesis
Microtubules-made of globular tubulin proteins that form tubes,determines cell shape
Intermediate fibres- gives cell strength

Question 16

What are centrioles

Answer 16

Made of microtubules, help to assemble and organise spindle fibres during cell division.

Question 17

What is a flagellum

Answer 17

Tail like extension, detect changes in cells environment

Question 18

What are cilia

Answer 18

Hair like extensions, move particles that surround the cell

Question 19

Ribosomes

Answer 19

Made up of RNA combined with proteins

Question 20

Structure of rough ER

Answer 20

Folded membranes, ribosomes attached to their membranes- produces proteins and glycoproteins and packages them into vesicles.

Question 21

Smooth ER

Answer 21

Folded membranes- secretes lipids and carbohydrates which are packages into vesicles

Question 22

Golgi apparatus

Answer 22

Made of folded membranes- vesicles from smooth and rough er bind to Golgi apparatus, modifies these molecules, ensures they are transported to the correct location, packages them into vesicles to be transported. Fills vesicles with enzymes-forms lysosomes

Question 23

Lysosomes

Answer 23

Contain digestive enzyme set lysozymes- break down the back walls of bacteria

Question 24

Mitochondrion

Answer 24

Outer membrane, inner membrane which forms cristae matrix contains ribosomes and dna
Produces ATP for range of activities including movement of vesicles.

Question 25

What does the cell vacuole contain

Answer 25

Stores sugars and amino acids

Question 26

Chloroplast

Answer 26

Surrounded by double membranes chloroplast envelopes, thylakoids stacked to make grana- sit in a fluid called strorma also include ribosomes, DNA and starch grains. Thylakoids - contain chlorophyll

Question 27

What is a bacterium

Answer 27

Prokaryote

Question 28

What do prokaryotic cells contain

Answer 28

Cytoplasm, cell surface membrane, ribosomes( smaller 70s) ell wall made of peptidoglycan, circular DNA,

Question 29

What does a Bacteria contain

Answer 29

Outer capsule- protects from excessive water loss, host immune system