Classification

Question 1

What is in the Linnaean classification system?

Answer 1

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 2

What does it mean when it says the taxonomic system is hierachal

Answer 2

Broadest groups at the top and the most specific at the bottom

Question 3

What is the binomial name

Answer 3

Consists of genus and species

Question 4

What is a species

Answer 4

A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce live, fertile offspring

Question 5

What is included in the 5 kingdom system

Answer 5

Prokaryote
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protoctista

Question 6

Which of the 5 kingdoms are eukaryotes

Answer 6

Animalia, plantae, fungi, protoctista
-DNA is held in a membrane bound nucleus, cells contain other membrane bound organelles as well such as mitochondria

Question 7

Prokaryotae

Answer 7

-no nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles
-DNA forms a circular loop
-have small 70s ribosomes
- get their nutrients by absorption from the environment through cell wall or by photosynthesis

Question 8

Animalia

Answer 8

-multicellular organisms
-heterotrophic= get their nutrients by ingesting other organisms
- glucose is stored as the polysaccharide glycogen
- cells have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
- no chloroplast or cell wall
- movement often occurs by protein contraction

Question 9

Plantae

Answer 9

• multicellular
• contain cellulose cell wall and chlorophyll in chloroplast
• autotrophic- synthesis their own food by photosynthesis
• glucose stored as starch

Question 10

Fungi

Answer 10

• can be unicellular or multicellular
• cells have a cell wall made of chitin
• Multicellular often consist of fine threads called hyphae forming a larger mass called mycelium
• cannot move
• saprophytes= absorb nutrients from around them from decaying matter
• glycogen as a storage form of glucose

Question 11

Protoctista

Answer 11

• a diverse kingdom containing organisms which do not fit into others
• most unicellular but some are multicellular
• some move using flagella or cilia

Question 12

What did Carl Woese propose

Answer 12

New taxonomic group callled a domain.; split into based on type of rRNA and ribosomes they have + cell membrane structure.
- bacteria, archaea, eukarya
Bacteria- contains eubacteria
Archaea- contains archae bacteria
Eukarya- contains Animalia, Plantae, fungi, Protoctista

Question 13

Phylogeny

Answer 13

The evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 14

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 14

Represents the evolutionary relationships between organisms
Shows us how different species can evolve from a common ancestor
Time flows from bottom of the tree to the top
Node shows common ancestor of the descendants from that node

Question 15

Why is phylogeny useful

Answer 15

Can be used to confirm the classification of an organism
Is not based on grouping organisms

Question 16

what made people think the world was old

Answer 16

geologists- rocks
palaeontologists- fossils

Question 17

what did Darwin do in the 1830s

Answer 17

expedition around South America and glapogos islands
collected thousands of specimens of plants and animals and sent them home to the uk

Question 18

what was the classification system based on and why is this misleading

Answer 18

observable characteristics
can be misleading as members of the same species can look very different if they live in different habitats with environmentally different conditions

Question 19

changes in classification system- DNA base sequence

Answer 19

common gene can now be compared as a measure of how closely related organisms are. The more closely related a species is the higher the degree of similarity in the base sequence-

Question 20

changes in classification system- the sequence of amino acids

Answer 20

polypeptide chain of proteins can also be compared because this sequence is determined by the sequence of DNA bases. some may be coded by different codons