Cell Structure

Question 1

Nucleolus

Answer 1

Site of ribosome synthesis.

Question 2

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 2

Nuclear pours allow communication between nucleus and cytoplasm by letting molecules through.

Question 3

RER

Answer 3

Transports proteins synthesised by ribosomes by budding off vesicles.

Question 4

SER

Answer 4

Synthesises and transports lipids.

Question 5

Golgi

Answer 5

Chemically modifies and packages proteins for secretion (and forms lysosomes).

Question 6

Ribosomes

Answer 6

Site of protein synthesis.

Question 7

Mitochondria

Answer 7

Site of aerobic respiration.

Question 8

Lysosomes

Answer 8

Destroys old/damaged organelles or foreign material the cell has engulfed.

Question 9

Chromatin

Answer 9

Contains genetic information.

Question 10

Cell wall

Answer 10

Provides stability (plant cell only)

Question 11

Cytoplasm

Answer 11

Where all the reactions of a cell take place.

Question 12

Nucleus

Answer 12

• Carries genetic information
• Has genes that code for proteins
• Controls activities of the cell

Question 13

ATP

Answer 13

A molecule used to store energy temporarily in organisms.

Question 13

Carrier Protein

Answer 13

Protein found in membranes which is capable of carrying a specific molecule or ion through e membrane by active transport.

Question 14

Cellulose

Answer 14

A carbohydrate polymer (of B glucose) that forms plant cell walls

Question 15

Centriole

Answer 15

An organelle from which the spindle fibres develop during cell division in animal cells.

Question 16

Channel Protein

Answer 16

A protein pore that spans a molecule through which very small ions and water soluble molecule may pass.

Question 17

Chloroplast

Answer 17

An organelle found in plants, which contains chlorophyll and is responsible for photosynthetic activity in the plant.

Question 18

Chromatin

Answer 18

Material staining dark red in the nucleus during interphase of mitosis and meiosis. It consists of nucleic acids and proteins. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes during prophase of nucler division.

Question 19

Chromosome

Answer 19

A linear DNA molecule wrapped around histone proteins found in the nucleus. Chromosomes become visible in prophase of cell division.

Question 20

Cilia

Answer 20

Short extensions of eukaryotic cells, typically 2–10 µm long and 0.03 µm in diameter. They may be used for locomotion or to move fluids or mucus over a surface, for example in the mammalian respiratory tract.

Question 21

Cistae

Answer 21

The folds found in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. Stalked particles containing ATP synthase are found on cristae.

Question 22

Steps of protein synthesis…

Answer 22

Nucleus contains genetic information
mRNA carries genetic code to ribosomes that uses it to make proteins
RER ‘buds off’ in vesicles
Golgi modifies and packages
Sent to cell membrane where it’s secreted by exocytosis