Cell Structure

Question 1

2 different types of cells

Answer 1

Eukaryote

Prokaryote

Question 2

Eukaryote Cells

examples

Answer 2

plant cells
animal cells
fungi

Question 3

Prokaryote cells

examples

Answer 3

bacteria

Question 4

Organelles

Answer 4

sub-units within a cell with a specialised function.

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

contains DNA that codes for proteins.

Question 6

Nucleolus

Answer 6

produces ribosomes

Question 7

Nuclear envelope

Answer 7

controls entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus

Question 8

Nuclear Pores

Answer 8

allows the passage of large molecules

Question 9

Nucleoplasm

Answer 9

the bulk of the nucleus which contains chromatin

Question 10

Chromatin

Answer 10

mass of material composed of DNA

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

The site of aerobic respiration produces ATP and releases energy.

Question 12

Cristae in the Mitochondria

Answer 12

folds that increase the surface area for reactions to take place

Question 13

Matrix in the Mitochondria

Answer 13

contains enzymes

Question 14

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 14

membranes are continuous with the outer membrane of the nucleus.

Question 15

Rough ER

Answer 15

synthesises and transports proteins.

has ribosomes on the outer layer

Question 16

Smooth ER

Answer 16

synthesises and transports lipids and carbohydrates.

it has no ribosomes.

Question 17

Ribosomes

Answer 17

the site of protein synthesis.

Question 18

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 18

packages and modifies substances (proteins) from the Rough ER.

Question 19

Lysosomes

Answer 19

contains/release hydrolytic enzymes for waste management in cells.

Question 20

Vacuole

Answer 20

cell support and turgidity

temporary food store in plants.

Question 21

Cell Surface Membrane

Answer 21

controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

Question 22

Chloroplast

Answer 22

site of photosynthesis.

Question 23

Stroma in chloroplast

Answer 23

contains enzymes required for photosynthesis.

contains DNA and ribosomes to make proteins needed for photosynthesis.

Question 24

Double Membrane in chloroplast

Answer 24

highly selective.

Question 25

Thylakoid in chloroplast

Answer 25

contains chlorophyll

Question 26

Granum in chloroplast

Answer 26

stack of thylakoids gives a large surface area for photosynthesis.

Question 27

Microvilli

Answer 27

large surface area to increase absorption of substances into the cell.

Question 28

Cytoskeleton

Answer 28

protein fibres that maintain and stabilise the cells shape.

Question 29

Centrioles

Answer 29

protein fibres form the spindles during cell division.

Question 30

Eukaryote Organelles

Answer 30

``` mitochondria smooth ER nucleolus nuclear envelope nuclear pores rough ER golgi apparatus ribosomes lysosomes cell surface membrane ```

Question 31

Prokaryote Organelles

Answer 31

``` cell wall ribosomes circular DNA plasmid flagella cytoplasm plasma membrane capsuole ```

Question 32

Circular DNA

Answer 32

contains genes for survival and enzymes that break down antibodies/antibiotics.

Question 33

Flagellum

Answer 33

spins and corkscrews to help aid movement through fluids

Question 34

Capsule

Answer 34

sticks to surfaces and other bacteria inorder to protect the cell.

Question 35

Cell Wall

Answer 35

protects against mechanical damage

Question 36

Prokaryotes Size

Answer 36

0.1 to 10 micro meters in length

Question 37

Eukaryotes Size

Answer 37

10 to 100 micro meters in length

Question 38

Folds in the Membrane

Answer 38

contains enzymes for respiration or photosynthesis .

Question 39

Plasmid

Answer 39

contains genes that aid survival and produce enzymes to break down antibodies

Question 40

Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (nucleus)

Answer 40

E has a nucleus | P has no nucleus

Question 41

Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (bound organelles)

Answer 41

E has membrane bound organelles | P has no membrane bound organelles

Question 42

Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (cell wall)

Answer 42

E has a cellulose based cell wall | P has a peptiglycon based cell wall

Question 43

Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (DNA)

Answer 43

E has DNA held on linear chromosomes and located within the nucleus P has DNA held on circular chromosomes and located within the cytoplasm

Question 44

Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (ATP production)

Answer 44

E happens in the mitochondria | P happens in infolded regions of the cell membrane called mesosomes

Question 45

Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (ribosomes)

Answer 45

E has 80s ribosomes | P has 70s ribosomes

Question 46

Bacteria Cell Wall

Answer 46

peptidoglycan

Question 47

Fungi Cell Wall

Answer 47

chitin

Question 48

Plant Cell Wall

Answer 48

cellulose