Cell Structure Flashcards
Prokaryotes
No nucleus, circular DNA, contain ribosomes (smaller and simpler)
Eukaryotes
DNA inside nucleus, contains ribosomes (complex)
Nucleus
contains genetic material which controls cells activities
Nuclear envelope
a double membrane which separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm- has many pores
Nucleolus
makes ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
folds and processes proteins made at ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
contains NO ribosomes, synthesizes and processes lipids
Golgi Apparatus
group of fluid-filled membrane-bound flattened sacs- modifies and packages new proteins and lipids
Vesicle
transports substances
Ribosomes
made up of protein and RNA which produces protein
Mitochondria
double membrane- inner is folded called cristae
- inside inner membrane is a matrix
Site of aerobic respiration, produces ATP (very active)
Plasma membrane
made up of proteins and lipids, regulates movement in and out & receptor molecules to respond to hormones
Lysosome
contains digestive enzymes to digest invading cells
Chloroplasts
double membrane- thylakoid membrane stacks up to form Grana, which are linked together by lamellae
- photosynthesis
Centriole
hollow cylinders made of microtubules- chromosome separation during cell division
Cillia
hair like structures (9+2 formation)- microtubules allow cilia to move which move substances along the cell surface
Flagellum
large version of cilia, surrounded by plasma membrane- microtubules contract and flagellum propels and moves
Cytoskeleton
a network of fibres necessary for strength, aid, and movement of the cell
