Carbohydrates Flashcards
(27 cards)
why do we need carbohydrates?
for energy
what are carbohydrates made up of?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
what type of compounds are carbohydrates?
organic compounds
what are the 3 types of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides, dissacharides, polysaccharides
what are monosaccharides?
the simplest single sugars
what happens when monosaccharides dissolve in water?
create a sweet tasting solution
what type of monosaccharide is glucose
a HEXOSE monosaccharide
what are alpha glucose and beta glucose?
isomers
what type of monosaccharide is ribose?
a PENTOSE monosaccharide
where is deoxyribose found?
DNA
where is ribose found?
RNA
what bond is formed between 2 monosachharides (a dissacharide)?
a glycosidic bond- e.g. when 2 glucose join the bond is between carbon 1 and carbon 4
what reaction occurs when joining 2 monosaccharides?
condensation reaction- removing h20; it becomes the product
what is the reaction when breaking up a dissacharide?
hydrolysis reaction- using h20 to break the glycosidic bond
what are three types of polysaccharides?
starch, glycogen and cellulose
function of starch
main storage polysaccharide in plants
what is starch made of?
alpha glucose and fructose- insoluble
what are the 2 polymers of alpha glucose?
amylase and amylopectin
function and structure of amylose
helix structure of glucose molecules; good for packaging- good storage
function and structure of amylopectin
chains of glucose molecules; branches can be hydrolysed and energy can be released quickly
function of glycogen
main storage of animal and fungi cells
structure and its function of glycogen
similar to amylopectin- has more branches and is compact so energy is released quickly
function of cellulose
structure of plants
structure and its function of cellulose
long chains of unbranched beta glucose molecules with hydrogen bonding preventing h20 entering- cell wall
