Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Cell Structure and Division- Eukaryotic Cells and Organelles > Flashcards

Cell Structure and Division- Eukaryotic Cells and Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

How do eukaryotic cells compare to prokaryotic cells?

A

They are complex and include all animal and plant cells, including fungi and algae cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are eukaryotic cells the same as prokaryotic cells?

A

They both contain organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are organelles?

A

Parts of the cell that each have a specific function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the organelles that plant cells have and animal cells don’t have?

A

A cellulose cell wall with a plasmodesmata, a vacuole and chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How are fungal cells different to plant cells?

A

Cell walls are made of chitin and they don’t have chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the cell-surface membrane (plasma membrane)?

A

Found on the surface of animal cells and inside cell wall of other cells, made mostly of lipids and protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the cell-surface membrane?

A

Regulates the movement of substances into and out of cell, also has receptor molecules to allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the nucleus?

A
  • A large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope which contains nuclear pores
  • Contains chromosomes
  • Contains one or more nucleolus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A
  • Controls cells activities
  • Contains instructions to make proteins
  • Pores allow substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm
  • Nucleolus makes ribosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are mitochondrion?

A

Oval-shaped organelle with double membrane (inner- cristae, inside- matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of mitochondrion?

A

Site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are large amounts of mitochondrion found?

A

Cells that are very active and require lots of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a chloroplast?

A
  • Small flattened structure
  • Found in plant and algae
  • Double membrane
  • Membranes inside called thylakoid membranes
  • Thylakoid membranes stacked up to form grana
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of a chloroplast?

A

Site where photosynthesis takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus?

A

Group of fluid-filled, membrane-bound flattened sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Processes and packages new lipids and proteins and makes lysosomes

17
Q

Where are Golgi vesicles seen?

A

Often seen at the edges of sacs

18
Q

What is a Golgi vesicle?

A

Small fluid-filled sac in cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane and produced by Golgi apparatus

19
Q

What is the function of a Golgi vesicle?

A

Stores lipids and proteins by the Golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell

20
Q

What is a lysosome?

A

Round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure, type of Golgi vesicle

21
Q

What is the function of a lysosome?

A

Contains digestive enzymes (lysozymes) that are used to digest invading cells or break down worn out components of the cell

22
Q

What is a ribosome?

A

Very small organelle that either floats freely in cytoplasm or is attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, made up of proteins and RNA, not surrounded by a membrane

23
Q

What is the function of a ribosome?

A

Site where proteins are made

24
Q

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

System of membranes enclosing fluid-filled space, surface covered with ribosomes

25
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Folds and processes proteins made by ribosomes

26
Q

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Similar to RER but with no ribosomes

27
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Synthesises and processes lipids

28
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

Rigid structure surrounding cells in plants, algae and fungi

29
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Supports cells and prevents them changing shape

30
Q

What is the cell vacuole?

A

Membrane-bound organelle found in cytoplasm of plant cells that contains cell sap, surrounding membrane called the tonoplast

31
Q

What is the function of the cell vacuole?

A

Helps maintain pressure inside cell, keeps cell rigid, involved in isolation of unwanted chemicals inside cell

32
Q

Why do cells become specialised?

A

To carry out specific functions

33
Q

How are epithelial cells in the small intestine specialised to absorb food efficiently?

A
  • Walls of small intestine have villi which increase surface area for absorption
  • Villi have folds in cell-surface membrane called microvilli which increase surface area even more
  • Also have lots of mitochondria to provide energy for transport of digested food molecules into cell
34
Q

How are tissues formed?

A

Specialised cells grouped together

35
Q

What are tissues?

A

A group of cells working together to form a particular function

36
Q

How are organs formed?

A

Different tissues working together

37
Q

How are organ systems formed?

A

Different organs working together to perform a particular function

Biology (79 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions