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Biology > Mass Transport- Circulatory System > Flashcards

Mass Transport- Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What do multicellular organisms need?

A

A specialised transport system to carry raw materials from specialised exchange organs to their body cells

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2
Q

What is the circulatory system made up of?

A

The heart and blood vessels

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3
Q

What does the heart do?

A

Pumps blood through blood vessels to reach different parts of the body

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4
Q

What does blood transport?

A

Respiratory gases, products of digestion, metabolic wastes and hormones

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5
Q

What blood vessel goes to the lungs carrying deoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary artery

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6
Q

What blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the heart?

A

Vena cava

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7
Q

What blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the liver?

A

Hepatic vein

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8
Q

What blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the kidneys?

A

Renal vein

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9
Q

What blood vessel carries oxygenated blood to the kidneys?

A

Renal artery

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10
Q

What blood vessel carries oxygenated blood to the liver?

A

Hepatic artery

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11
Q

What blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

A

Aorta

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12
Q

What blood vessel carries oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs?

A

Pulmonary vein

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13
Q

What is the double circulatory system?

A

One circuit takes blood from the heart to the lungs then back to the heart, the other loop takes blood around the rest of the body

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14
Q

What are coronary arteries?

A

The hearts own blood supply

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15
Q

What is the role of arteries?

A

Carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body

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16
Q

What are the walls of the arteries like?

A

Thick and muscular

17
Q

What is the role of the elastic tissue in arteries?

A

Stretch and recoil as the heart beats to help maintain the high pressure

18
Q

Why is the endothelium of arteries folded?

A

To allow the artery to stretch and helps maintain high pressure

19
Q

Do arteries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

A

All carry oxygenated blood except for the pulmonary arteries which take deoxygenated blood to the lungs

20
Q

What are arterioles?

A

Smaller vessels that arteries divide into and then form a network around the body

21
Q

How is blood directed to different areas of demand in the body?

A

By muscles inside the arterioles

22
Q

What is the role of the arterioles?

A

Contract or restrict the blood flow or relax to allow full blood flow

23
Q

What is the role of veins?

A

Take blood back to the heart under low pressure

24
Q

How is the structure of veins different to arteries?

A

Have a wider lumen with very little elastic or muscle tissue and they have valves

25
Q

What is the purpose of valves in the veins?

A

Stop blood flowing backwards

26
Q

How is blood flow through the veins helped?

A

By contraction of body muscles surrounding them

27
Q

Do veins carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

A

All carry deoxygenated blood because oxygen has been used up by body cells, except for the pulmonary veins which carry oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs

28
Q

Which is the smallest blood vessel?

A

Capillaries

29
Q

How are capillaries adapted for efficient diffusion?

A
  • Always found very near cells inn exchange tissues so there’s a short diffusion pathway
  • Walls are only one cell thick
  • Large number of capillaries to increase surface area
30
Q

What is tissue fluid?

A

The fluid that surrounds cells in tissues

31
Q

What is tissue fluid made from?

A

Small molecules that leave the blood plasma (eg. oxygen, water, nutrients)

32
Q

Why doesn’t tissue fluid contain red blood cells or big proteins?

A

They’re too large to be pushed out through the capillary walls

33
Q

What happens in the capillary bed?

A

Substances move out of capillaries into tissue fluid by pressure filtration

34
Q

What do cells take in and release from tissue fluid?

A

Take in oxygen and nutrients, release metabolic waste

35
Q

What is the hydrostatic pressure at either end of the capillary bed?

A

Greater at the arteriole end

36
Q

What does greater hydrostatic pressure in the capillary bed than in the tissue fluid mean?

A

An overall outward pressure forces fluid out of capillaries and into spaces around the cells, so tissue fluid is formed

37
Q

What happens to hydrostatic pressure as the fluid leaves?

A

Reduces in the capillaries so pressure is much lower at venule end

38
Q

Why is water potential at the venule end of the capillary lower than the water potential of the tissue fluid and what does this mean?

A

Due to the fluid loss and the remaining plasma proteins, so water moves by osmosis from tissue fluid to capillary

39
Q

What happens to any excess tissue fluid?

A

It is drained into the lymphatic system which transports it back to the circulatory system

Biology (79 decks)

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