Photosynthesis and Respiration- Photosynthesis, Respiration and ATP

Question 1

What do plants need energy for?

Answer 1

Photosynthesis, active transport, DNA replication, cell division and protein synthesis

Question 2

What do animals need energy for?

Answer 2

Muscle contraction, maintenance of body temperature, active transport, DNA replication, cell division and protein synthesis

Question 3

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 3

The process where energy from light is used to make glucose from H2O and CO2

Question 4

What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 4

6CO2 + 6H2O + energy —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 5

How do animals obtain glucose?

Answer 5

By eating plants

Question 6

What is respiration?

Answer 6

Plant and animal cells release energy from glucose

Question 7

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 7

Respiration using oxygen

Question 8

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 8

Respiration without oxygen

Question 9

What does aerobic respiration produce?

Answer 9

CO2 and H2O

Question 10

What does anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast produce?

Answer 10

Ethanol and CO2

Question 11

What does anaerobic respiration in humans produce?

Answer 11

Lactate

Question 12

What is energy released from glucose in respiration used for?

Answer 12

To make ATP

Question 13

How is ATP synthesised?

Answer 13

Via a condensation reaction between ADP and inorganic phosphate using energy from an energy-releasing reaction

Question 14

What enzyme catalyses the synthesis of ATP?

Answer 14

ATP synthase

Question 15

What part of the cell does ATP diffuse to?

Answer 15

The part of the cell that needs energy

Question 16

What happens when ATP has diffused to the part of the cell that needs energy?

Answer 16

It’s hydrolysed back into ADP and inorganic phosphate, and chemical energy is released from the phosphate bond and used by the cell

Question 17

What enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP?

Answer 17

ATP hydrolase

Question 18

Why does ATP store or release a small, manageable amount of energy at a time?

Answer 18

So no energy is wasted as heat

Question 19

Why can ATP be easily transported around the cell?

Answer 19

Because it is a small, soluble molecule

Question 20

Why is ATP easily broken down?

Answer 20

So energy can be easily released instantaneously

Question 21

How can ATP make other molecules more reactive?

Answer 21

By transferring one of its phosphate groups to them (phosphorylation)

Question 22

Why does the cell always have an immediate supply of energy?

Answer 22

Because ATP can’t pass out of the cell

Question 23

What is a metabolic pathway?

Answer 23

A series of small reactions controlled by enzymes

Question 24

What is phosphorylation?

Answer 24

Adding phosphate to a molecule

Question 25

What is photophosphorylation?

Answer 25

Adding phosphate to a molecule using light

Question 26

What is photolysis?

Answer 26

The splitting of a molecule using light

Question 27

What is photoionisation?

Answer 27

When light energy 'excites' electrons in an atom or molecule, giving them more energy and causing them to be released

Question 28

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 28

The splitting of a molecule using water

Question 29

What is decarboxylation?

Answer 29

The removal of carbon dioxide from a molecule

Question 30

What is dehydrogenation?

Answer 30

The removal of hydrogen from a molecule

Question 31

What are redox reactions?

Answer 31

Reactions that involve oxidation and reduction

Question 32

What happens if something is reduced?

Answer 32

It has gained electrons and may have gained hydrogen or lost oxygen

Question 33

What happens if something is reduced?

Answer 33

It has lost electrons and may have lost hydrogen or gained oxygen

Question 34

What is a coenzyme?

Answer 34

A molecule that aids the function of an enzyme

Question 35

How does a coenzyme work?

Answer 35

By transferring a chemical group from one molecule to another

Question 36

What is NADP?

Answer 36

A coenzyme used in photosynthesis that transfers hydrogen from one molecule to another

Question 37

What are NAD and FAD?

Answer 37

Coenzymes used in respiration that transfer hydrogen from one molecule to another

Question 38

What is coenzyme A?

Answer 38

A coenzyme used in respiration that transfers acetate between molecules