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Biology > Photosynthesis and Respiration- Photosynthesis, Respiration and ATP > Flashcards

Photosynthesis and Respiration- Photosynthesis, Respiration and ATP Flashcards

1
Q

What do plants need energy for?

A

Photosynthesis, active transport, DNA replication, cell division and protein synthesis

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2
Q

What do animals need energy for?

A

Muscle contraction, maintenance of body temperature, active transport, DNA replication, cell division and protein synthesis

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3
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The process where energy from light is used to make glucose from H2O and CO2

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4
Q

What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + energy —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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5
Q

How do animals obtain glucose?

A

By eating plants

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6
Q

What is respiration?

A

Plant and animal cells release energy from glucose

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7
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Respiration using oxygen

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8
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

Respiration without oxygen

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9
Q

What does aerobic respiration produce?

A

CO2 and H2O

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10
Q

What does anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast produce?

A

Ethanol and CO2

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11
Q

What does anaerobic respiration in humans produce?

A

Lactate

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12
Q

What is energy released from glucose in respiration used for?

A

To make ATP

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13
Q

How is ATP synthesised?

A

Via a condensation reaction between ADP and inorganic phosphate using energy from an energy-releasing reaction

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14
Q

What enzyme catalyses the synthesis of ATP?

A

ATP synthase

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15
Q

What part of the cell does ATP diffuse to?

A

The part of the cell that needs energy

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16
Q

What happens when ATP has diffused to the part of the cell that needs energy?

A

It’s hydrolysed back into ADP and inorganic phosphate, and chemical energy is released from the phosphate bond and used by the cell

17
Q

What enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP?

A

ATP hydrolase

18
Q

Why does ATP store or release a small, manageable amount of energy at a time?

A

So no energy is wasted as heat

19
Q

Why can ATP be easily transported around the cell?

A

Because it is a small, soluble molecule

20
Q

Why is ATP easily broken down?

A

So energy can be easily released instantaneously

21
Q

How can ATP make other molecules more reactive?

A

By transferring one of its phosphate groups to them (phosphorylation)

22
Q

Why does the cell always have an immediate supply of energy?

A

Because ATP can’t pass out of the cell

23
Q

What is a metabolic pathway?

A

A series of small reactions controlled by enzymes

24
Q

What is phosphorylation?

A

Adding phosphate to a molecule

25
Q

What is photophosphorylation?

A

Adding phosphate to a molecule using light

26
Q

What is photolysis?

A

The splitting of a molecule using light

27
Q

What is photoionisation?

A

When light energy ‘excites’ electrons in an atom or molecule, giving them more energy and causing them to be released

28
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

The splitting of a molecule using water

29
Q

What is decarboxylation?

A

The removal of carbon dioxide from a molecule

30
Q

What is dehydrogenation?

A

The removal of hydrogen from a molecule

31
Q

What are redox reactions?

A

Reactions that involve oxidation and reduction

32
Q

What happens if something is reduced?

A

It has gained electrons and may have gained hydrogen or lost oxygen

33
Q

What happens if something is reduced?

A

It has lost electrons and may have lost hydrogen or gained oxygen

34
Q

What is a coenzyme?

A

A molecule that aids the function of an enzyme

35
Q

How does a coenzyme work?

A

By transferring a chemical group from one molecule to another

36
Q

What is NADP?

A

A coenzyme used in photosynthesis that transfers hydrogen from one molecule to another

37
Q

What are NAD and FAD?

A

Coenzymes used in respiration that transfer hydrogen from one molecule to another

38
Q

What is coenzyme A?

A

A coenzyme used in respiration that transfers acetate between molecules

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