Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

State the three underpinning principles of Cell Theory.

Answer 1

• All living things are made of one or more cells.
• The cell is the smallest independent unit of life.
• All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 2

Name the organelle where cellular respiration occurs in eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

Mitochondria / mitochondrion

Question 3

Name the cell structure where the detoxification of drugs and alcohol occur.

Answer 3

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Name the cell structure responsible for the production of proteins

Answer 4

Ribosome

Question 5

Describe the function of the Golgi body.

Answer 5

• To sort, modify and package molecules into vesicles to be exported/secreted from the cell.

Question 6

Describe three differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

Answer 6

Prokaryotic-
Smaller <10μm
Contains a single, circular chromosome
No membrane bound organelles

Eukaryotic-
Larger 10-100μm
Contains multiple linear chromosomes in nucleus
Contains membrane bound organelles

Question 7

Describe two differences between the genetic material of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

Answer 7

Prokaryotic-
Contains a single, circular chromosome
DNA is unbound (not attached to proteins)

Eukaryotic-
Contains multiple linear chromosomes in nucleus
DNA is bound (attached to proteins called histones)

Question 8

Describe three differences between plant and animal cells.

Answer 8

Plant-
Contains cell wall
Contains chloroplasts
Contains large central vacuole

Animal-
No cell wall
No chloroplasts
Small vacuoles (if present)

Question 9

Name the organelle in which genetic material is stored in eukaryotic cells.

Answer 9

Nucleus

Question 10

Name the organelle in which photosynthesis occurs in plant cells

Answer 10

Chloroplast

Question 11

Describe one function of the large central vacuole.

Answer 11

• Storage of water, nutrients etc
• Shape retention