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Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

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1
Q

What organelles are found in a ‘typical’ plant cell

A 
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes
Mitochondria 
Lysosome
Golgi apparatus
Chloroplast
Cell wall
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2
Q

Hydrophilic?

A

Water loving

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3
Q

Hydrophobic?

A

Water hating

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4
Q

What does the bilayer in the plasma/cell membrane do?

A

The fluid bilateral allows proteins in it to move

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5
Q

What organelles are found in a ‘typical’ animal cells?

A 
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes
Mitochondria 
Lysosome
Golgi apparatus
Centriole
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6
Q

Where are Prokaryote cells found?

A

Found in bacteria and Cyanobacteria

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7
Q

What disguises a prokaryotic cell?

A

Does not have a true nucleus or membrane bound organelles

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8
Q

Where are eukaryotic cells found?

A

In animal and plant cells

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9
Q

What distinguishes a Eukaryotic cell from and prokaryotic cell?

A

Have a true nucleus and has a variety of membrane-bound organelles

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10
Q

What does the plasma/cell membrane do?

A

Controls the passage of molecules going in and out of the cell.

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11
Q

How do molecules pass through the plasma/cell membranes.

A

Small molecules can typically move freely within and out of the cell while other molecules have to be actively transported across the cell membran

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12
Q

What is the function of the cells nucleus?

A

It is the control centre of the cell because it carries DNA.

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13
Q

What is DNA’s role in the nucleus

A

DNA is the genetic material that organises all cell processes

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14
Q

What is the role of the nucleolus?

A

Produces ribosomes

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15
Q

What makes up the nucleus?

A

Double membrane, nuclear envelope, chromatin material, nuclear pores, nucleolus.

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16
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm?

A

It is where many chemical reactions of the cell occur

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17
Q

What and where is cytoplasm found in the cell?

A

Cytoplasm is made of a fluid called cytosol which is mostly water but also many substances are dissolved in it. It is found all throughout the the cell.

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18
Q

What is Endoplasmic Reticulum and where is it found in the nucleus?

A

ER is a membrane that takes up most of the nucleus. It has enclosed tubes and flattened parts as well called cisternae.

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19
Q

What is the difference between smooth ER and rough ER?

A

Rough ER has ribosomes while smooth ER doesn’t. Both also have different functions.

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20
Q

What is the role of rough ER?

A

Rough ER is involved in protein production.

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21
Q

What is the role of rough ER in digestive cells?

A

Involved in the protein production of enzymes

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22
Q

What is the function of smooth ER?

A

It is associated with production of lipids

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23
Q

What function do both Smooth and rough ER have in the cell?

A

Transport system. It carries materials from one part of the cell to another, as well as from the nucleus and to the outside of the cell.

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24
Q

What are ribosomes?

Study These Flashcards
A

Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus and pass out through the nuclear pores and into the cytoplasm. They either attach to ER or stay free in the cytoplasm.

25
What is the function of ribosomes?
They are the site of protein synthesis
26
What do ribosomes attached to ER 'typically" do?
They typically make proteins for use inside the cell
27
What do ribosomes free in the cytoplasm 'typically' do?
They typically make proteins for use outside the cell
28
Discuss the 2 subunits ribosomes are made out of.
Ribosomes are made of two subunits, one small and one large. Where these two subunits are combined the form the protein-synthesising unit.
29
What is the Golgi body?
It is a stack of membrane sacs called cisternae.
30
What is the role of the Golgi body?
To transport molecules inside the cell to the cell membrane.
31
How do molecules get transported through the Golgi body?
After being synthesised in the ER transport vesicles carry the rough ER to the nearest cisterna. The protein moves from cisterna to cisterna and is modified as it goes by. At the cisterna nearest to the cell membrane small vesicles with the modified protein pinch off and fuse with the cell membrane.
32
What are vacuoles?
Membrane bound sacs filled with fluid. They are typically small in unicellular and animal cells however can grow quite big in plant cells
33
How our vacuoles important in storage. Name at least 3 examples
``` Stores: Organic compounds Inorganic ions Toxic wastes from metabolism Toxic substances that deter herbivores from eating leaves Pigments that colours flowers ```
34
What do vacuoles do in plant cells
During osmosis water enters the cell and collects in the vacuole, which swells and exerts pressure out wards on the cell membrane and cell wall. The cell becomes rigid or turgid.
35
What are lysosomes?
These are vacuoles that contain enzymes
36
What are lysosomes enzymes used for. Name at least 3
Break down worn out cells | Break down the cells or tissues during metamorphosis
37
What is the role of the nucleolus?
Produces ribosomes
38
What makes up the nucleus?
Double membrane, nuclear envelope, chromatin material, nuclear pores, nucleolus.
39
What is the function of cytoplasm?
It is where many chemical reactions of the cell occur
40
What and where is cytoplasm found in the cell?
Cytoplasm is made of a fluid called cytosol which is mostly water but also many substances are dissolved in it. It is found all throughout the the cell.
41
What is Endoplasmic Reticulum and where is it found in the nucleus?
ER is a membrane that takes up most of the nucleus. It has enclosed tubes and flattened parts as well called cisternae.
42
What is the difference between smooth ER and rough ER?
Rough ER has ribosomes while smooth ER doesn't. Both also have different functions.
43
What is the role of rough ER?
Rough ER is involved in protein production.
44
What is the role of rough ER in digestive cells?
Involved in the protein production of enzymes
45
What is the function of smooth ER?
It is associated with production of lipids
46
What function do both Smooth and rough ER have in the cell?
Transport system. It carries materials from one part of the cell to another, as well as from the nucleus and to the outside of the cell.
47
What are ribosomes?
Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus and pass out through the nuclear pores and into the cytoplasm. They either attach to ER or stay free in the cytoplasm.
48
What is the function of ribosomes?
They are the site of protein synthesis
49
What do ribosomes attached to ER 'typically" do?
They typically make proteins for use inside the cell
50
What do ribosomes free in the cytoplasm 'typically' do?
They typically make proteins for use outside the cell
51
Discuss the 2 subunits ribosomes are made out of.
Ribosomes are made of two subunits, one small and one large. Where these two subunits are combined the form the protein-synthesising unit.
52
What is the Golgi body?
It is a stack of membrane sacs called cisternae.
53
What is the role of the Golgi body?
To transport molecules inside the cell to the cell membrane.
54
How do molecules get transported through the Golgi body?
After being synthesised in the ER transport vesicles carry the rough ER to the nearest cisterna. The protein moves from cisterna to cisterna and is modified as it goes by. At the cisterna nearest to the cell membrane small vesicles with the modified protein pinch off and fuse with the cell membrane.
55
What are vacuoles?
Membrane bound sacs filled with fluid. They are typically small in unicellular and animal cells however can grow quite big in plant cells
56
How our vacuoles important in storage. Name at least 3 examples
``` Stores: Organic compounds Inorganic ions Toxic wastes from metabolism Toxic substances that deter herbivores from eating leaves Pigments that colours flowers ```
57
What do vacuoles do in plant cells
During osmosis water enters the cell and collects in the vacuole, which swells and exerts pressure out wards on the cell membrane and cell wall. The cell becomes rigid or turgid.
58
What are lysosomes?
These are vacuoles that contain enzymes
59
What are lysosomes enzymes used for. Name at least 3
Break down worn out cells | Break down the cells or tissues during metamorphosis

Biology (4 decks)

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