Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Grade 12 Bio > Cell Structure and Function > Flashcards

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Organelles

A

An internal functional structure that is located within the cytosol of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Plasma membrane

A

A dynamic barrier that surrounds the cytosol of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

A two-layer membrane that encloses the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Endomembrane system

A

A group of interacting organelles between the nucleus and the plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

A membrane-bound organelles that is folded into flattened sacs and tubes. and is often an out growth of the nuclear envelope in a eukaryotic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rough ER

A

Areas of endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached to the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Smooth ER

A

Areas of the endoplasmic reticulum without attached ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vesicle

A

A small, membrane-bound organelle that may transport, store, or digest substances within a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vacuole

A

A liquid-filled organelle that stores waste and aids in cellular metabolism and water balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lysosome

A

A small, membrane-bound organelle that contains digestive enzymes that aid in waste disposal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Golgi body

A

An organelle with folded membranes where the final packaging of protein occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mitochondrion

A

An organelle with two membranes; the site of most ATP synthesis during aerobic cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Plastid

A

A membrane-bound organelle that is involved in photosynthesis and storage in plants and algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chloroplasts

A

A double-membrane-bound organelle that contains enzymes and pigments that are used to perform photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chromoplast

A

An organelle that makes and stores pigments other than chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Amyloplast

A

An organelle that stores starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A dynamic system of filaments that provides cell structure, helps with cell division, and enables the cell and inner organelles to move around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Microfilament

A

A fibre structure made from actin that is part of the cytoskeleton and is located in the cytosol of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Microtubule

A

A long, hollow cylinder that consists of subunits of the protein tubulin that is part of the cytoskeleton and is located in the cytosol of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Flagellum

A

A whiplike tail that is used in propulsion of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cilia

A

Tiny hairlike structures that move water and mucus in eukaryotes; used for movement of prokaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cell wall

A

The outer barrier of a plant cell; the cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane and gives structure to the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Primary wall

A

A cellulose coating that surrounds a plant cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Secondary wall

A

A coating that is added to a plant cell; it is more rigid and often thicker than the primary cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Extracellular matrix (ECM)
A molecular system that supports and protects a cell; a cell's environment
26
Cell junction
A structure that allows cells to interact with each other and the surrounding environment
27
Cytosol
The liquid portion of the cell composed of water, salts, and some macromolecules
28
Cytoplasm
Refers the the liquid and all the internal components of the cell other than the nucleus
29
Nucleus
An organelle that contains almost all the DNA in a eukaryotic cell
30
Nuclelous
A dense, irregularly shaped region where subunits of ribosomes are assembled from proteins and RNA (rounded mass of proteins and copies of genes for ribosomal RNA)
31
Chromatin
Total collection of all DNA molecules and associated proteins in the nucleus
32
Nucleoplasm
Semifluid interior portion of the nucleus
33
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
A membrane-bound organelle that is folded into flattened sacs and tubes, and is often an outgrowth of the nuclear envelope in a eukaryotic cell
34
Rough ER
Areas of endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached to the surface
35
Smooth ER
Areas of the endoplasmic reticulum without attached ribosomes
36
Vesicles
A small, membrane-bound organelle that may transport, store, or digest substances within a cell
37
Peroxisomes
A type of vesicle that contains enzymes that digest fatty acids and amino acids
38
Vacuoles
A liquid-filled organelle that stores waste and aids in cellular metabolism and water balance
39
Lysosomes
A small, membrane-bound organelle that contains digestive enzymes that aid in waste disposal
40
Golgi body
An organelle with folded membranes where the final packaging of protein occurs
41
Mitochondria
An organelle with two membranes; the site of most ATP synthesis during aerobic cellular respiration
42
Plastids
A membrane-bound organelle that is involved in photosynthesis and storage in plants and algae
43
Chloroplast
A double-membrane-bound organelle that contains enzymes and pigments that are used to perform photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells
44
Chromoplasts
An organelle that makes and stores pigments other than chlorophyll
45
Amyloplast
An organelle that stores starch
46
Cytoskeleton
A dynamic system of filaments that provides cell structure, helps with cell division, and enables the cell and inner organelles to move around
47
Microfilament
A fibre structure made from actin that is a part of the cytoskeleton and is located in the cytosol of cells
48
Microtubule
A long, hollow cylinder that consists of the subunits of the protein tubulin
49
Cilia
Tiny hairlike structures that move water and mucus in eukaryotes; used for movement of prokaryotic cells
50
Flagellum
A whiplike tail that is used in propulsion of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
51
Pseudopods
"False feet" in amoebas and other eukaryotic cells that form temporary lobes that bulge outward, move the cell, and engulf a target all forced by elongated microfilaments to move in a steady direction
52
Cell wall
The outer barrier of a plant cell; the cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane and gives structure to the plant
53
Primary wall
A cellulose coating that surrounds a plant cell
54
Secondary wall
A coating that is added to a plant cell wall; it is more rigid and often thicker than the primary cell wall
55
Extracellular matrix (ECM)
A molecular system that supports and protects a cell; a cell's environment
56
Cell junction
A structure that allows cells to interact with each other and the surrounding environment
57
Fluid mosaic model
The idea that a biological membrane consists of a fluid phospholipid bilayer, in which proteins are embedded and float freely
58
Glycolipid
Any membrane lipid that is bound to a carb (play role in cell recognition and interaction between two)
59
Glycoprotein
A membrane component that contains a sugar or carb bound to an amino acid (play role in cell recognition and interaction between two)
60
Sterol
A type of steroid with an OH group at one end and a non-polar hydrocarbon chain at the other
61
Integral membrane protein
A protein that is embedded in the lipid bilayer
62
Peripheral membrane protein
A protein on the surface of the membrane
63
Passive transport
The movement of a substance across the membrane without expending energy
64
Dynamic equilibrium
The state in which continuous action results in balanced conditions
65
Simple diffusion
The ability of small and non-polar substances to move across a membrane unassisted
66
Facilitated diffusion
The facilitated transport of ions and polar molecules through a membrane via protein complexes
67
Transport protein
An integral membrane protein that provides a pathway for molecules to cross a membrane
68
Channel protein
A hydrophilic pathway in a membrane that enables water and ions to pass through
69
Carrier protein
A protein that binds to a molecule and transports it across the lipid bilayer
70
Osmosis
The passive diffusion of water across a membrane
71
Hypotonic
The property of a solution that has a lower solute concentration than another solution
72
Hypertonic
The property of a solution that has a higher solute concentration than another solution
73
Isotonic
The property of a solution that has the same solute concentration as another solution
74
Active transport
The movement of substances across membranes against their concentration gradient using pumps
75
Electrochemical gradient
The combined effects of a difference in electrical potential energy and a difference in the concentration gradients of ions
76
Diffusion
The net movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a lower one
77
Voltage (an electrical potential difference)
A difference in electrical charge one either side of the membrane
78
Exocytosis
The export of materials involving carrying secretory proteins and some waste materials from the cytosol to the exterior of a cell
79
Endocytosis
Import such as carrying proteins, larger aggregates of molecules, or even whole cells from the exterior of a cell into the cytosol
80
Pinocytosis (bulk-phase or cell drinking)
A form of endocytosis in which extracellular water is taken in, along with any molecules in that solution of water
81
Receptor-mediated
A form of endocytosis in which molecules taken in are bound to the outer cell surface by receptor proteins
82
Phagocytosis (cell eating)
A form of endocytosis in which cells engulf bacteria, parts of dead cells, viruses, or other foreign particles

Grade 12 Bio (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions