Cell Structure and Functions Flashcards
(36 cards)
What are the three general cell requirements?
Genetic Material, Cytoplasm, and Plasma Membrane
What is the genetic material in prokaryotes?
A single circular molecule of DNA
What is the genetic material in eukaryotes?
Double helix located in the nucleus
This fills the interior of the cell.
Cytoplasm
What can be found in the cytoplasm?
Sugars, Amino Acids, Proteins
This encloses the cell (phospholipid bilayer).
Plasma Membrane
Why are cells small in size?
For smaller surface area-to-volume ratio resulting in quicker rate of metabolism
Who classified cells on the basis of the presence of the nucleus?
Dougherty (1967)
These are cells without a nucleus.
Prokaryotes/Prokaryotic Cells
Etymology of Prokaryotes
“pro-“ meaning before and “-karyon” meaning nucleus
Etymology of Eukaryotes
“eu-“ meaning true and “-karyon” meaning nucleus
These are cells with true or distinct nucleus.
Eukaryotes/Eukaryotic Cells
What is Svedberg?
A non-metric unit
How do prokaryotes reproduce?
Binary Fission
How do eukaryotes reproduce?
Sexual/Asexual
What is the difference between the cell division of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes - chromosomes are pulled apart by attachment to the plasma membrane
Eukaryotes - by cytoskeletal spindle apparatus
What is the difference between the metabolism of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes - anaerobic or aerobic
Eukaryotes - Aerobic
This has circular DNA and are not associated with histones.
Prokaryotes
This has linear DNA and are associated with histones.
Eukaryotes
What is the cell size of prokaryotes?
1-10 micrometers
What is the cell size of eukaryotes?
10-100 micrometers
In this type of cell, RNA and protein synthesis occur in the same compartment.
Prokaryotes
In this type of cell, RNA is synthesizes in the nucleus while proteins in the cytoplasm.
Eukaryotes
This has no cytoskeleton, no cytoplasmic streaming, and no exo/endocytosis.
Prokaryotes