Cell Structure and Functions Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

What are the three general cell requirements?

A

Genetic Material, Cytoplasm, and Plasma Membrane

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2
Q

What is the genetic material in prokaryotes?

A

A single circular molecule of DNA

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3
Q

What is the genetic material in eukaryotes?

A

Double helix located in the nucleus

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4
Q

This fills the interior of the cell.

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

What can be found in the cytoplasm?

A

Sugars, Amino Acids, Proteins

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6
Q

This encloses the cell (phospholipid bilayer).

A

Plasma Membrane

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7
Q

Why are cells small in size?

A

For smaller surface area-to-volume ratio resulting in quicker rate of metabolism

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8
Q

Who classified cells on the basis of the presence of the nucleus?

A

Dougherty (1967)

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9
Q

These are cells without a nucleus.

A

Prokaryotes/Prokaryotic Cells

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10
Q

Etymology of Prokaryotes

A

“pro-“ meaning before and “-karyon” meaning nucleus

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11
Q

Etymology of Eukaryotes

A

“eu-“ meaning true and “-karyon” meaning nucleus

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12
Q

These are cells with true or distinct nucleus.

A

Eukaryotes/Eukaryotic Cells

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13
Q

What is Svedberg?

A

A non-metric unit

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14
Q

How do prokaryotes reproduce?

A

Binary Fission

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15
Q

How do eukaryotes reproduce?

A

Sexual/Asexual

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16
Q

What is the difference between the cell division of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes - chromosomes are pulled apart by attachment to the plasma membrane

Eukaryotes - by cytoskeletal spindle apparatus

17
Q

What is the difference between the metabolism of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes - anaerobic or aerobic

Eukaryotes - Aerobic

18
Q

This has circular DNA and are not associated with histones.

19
Q

This has linear DNA and are associated with histones.

20
Q

What is the cell size of prokaryotes?

A

1-10 micrometers

21
Q

What is the cell size of eukaryotes?

A

10-100 micrometers

22
Q

In this type of cell, RNA and protein synthesis occur in the same compartment.

23
Q

In this type of cell, RNA is synthesizes in the nucleus while proteins in the cytoplasm.

24
Q

This has no cytoskeleton, no cytoplasmic streaming, and no exo/endocytosis.

25
This model shows the "sandwich" arrangement of the cell membrane.
The Davson-Danielli Model
26
This is another name for the cell membrane.
Plasmalemma
27
What are the major functions of the plasmalemma?
Material exchange regulation and protection from external and unwanted materials
28
These are elastic double layers of phospholipids and fatty materials that form special surfaces over almost all subcellular organelles as well as over entire cells.
Plasmalemma
29
This is the E-face in the Fluid-Mosaic Model of the cell membrane.
Side of the membrane facing the extracellular matrix
30
Two glycocalyces found in the Fluid-Mosaic Model of the cell membrane
Glycoproteins and Glycolipids
31
This is the P-face in the Fluid-Mosaic Model of the cell membrane.
Side of the membrane facing the protoplasm
32
What are the six functions of the cell membrane?
1) Transport; 2) Enzymatic Activity; 3) Signal Transduction; 4) Cell-cell Recognition; 5) Intercellular Joining; and 6) Attachment to the Cytoskeleton and Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
33
Why is the cell membrane not liquid?
It won't have shape if it is liquid.
34
Why is the cell membrane not solid?
It'll have a fixed structure and transport will not be permissible.
35
Lateral diffusion is _______, while transverse diffusion is _______.
Rapid; Very Slow
36
What are the factors affecting the fluidity of the cell membrane?
1) Shorter hydrocarbon tails = greater fluidity; 2) Cis double bonds in tails lead to kinks and increase fluidity; and 3) Presence of cholesterol