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Biology 22 (General Zoology) > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

What is the science dealing with animals and all aspects of animal life?

A

Zoology

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2
Q

What are the four aspects taken up in zoology?

A

1) structure, function, and embryonic development; 2) nutrition, health, and behaviour; 3) heredity and evolution; and 4) relationship between animate and inanimate environment

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3
Q

What is the study of structures?

A

Anatomy

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4
Q

This means “to cut”

A

“ana”

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5
Q

What are the three subdivisions of anatomy?

A

Gross Anatomy, Developmental Anatomy, Microscopic Anatomy

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6
Q

What is another name for developmental anatomy?

A

Embryology

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7
Q

What is another name for microscopic anatomy?

A

Histology

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8
Q

What is the study of functions?

A

Physiology

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9
Q

What are the four subdivisions of physiology?

A

Cellular Physiology, Comparative Physiology, Endocrinology, Neurology

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10
Q

What are the eight subdivisions of zoology?

A

Anatomy, Physiology, Genetics, Ecology, Zoogeography, Paleontology, Taxonomy, Evolution

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11
Q

Study of Mammals

A

Mammalogy

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12
Q

Study of Birds

A

Ornithology

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13
Q

Study of Reptiles and Amphibians

A

Herpetology

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14
Q

Study of Fishes

A

Ichtyology

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15
Q

Study of Insects

A

Entomology

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16
Q

Study of Parasites

A

Parasitology

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17
Q

Study of One-celled animals or protozoa

A

Protozoology

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18
Q

Study of Worms

A

Helminthology

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19
Q

Study of Mollusks (as Organisms)

A

Malacology

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20
Q

Study of Seashells (Mollusk Shells)

A

Conchology

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21
Q

Took interest in animals (as pets, source of food, recreation, games, etc.)

A

Pre-historic Man

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22
Q

Learned how to domesticate cattle, sheep, pigs, cats, geese, and ducks

A

Egyptians

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23
Q

Father of Zoology

A

Aristotle

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24
Q

Who is Galen?

A

1) first to experiment and make dissections to determine structure and function; 2) made important discoveries on the function of the brain; and 3) the first to state that arteries carry blood not air

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25
Who pointed out inaccuracies in Galen's description of the human body?
Andreas Vesalius
26
Who is the Father of Anatomy?
Andreas Vesalius
27
Who discovered the circulation of the blood and the atrio-ventricular contraction?
William Harvey
28
Who were the two people responsible for the development of the compound microscope?
Jansen (1950) and Galileo (1610)
29
Who was the first to describe the presence of cells in plant tissue?
Robert Hooke
30
Who was the first to describe bacteria, protozoa, and sperms?
Leeuwenhoek
31
Who is the father of taxonomy?
Linnaeus
32
Who is the father of embryology?
Karl Ernst von Baer
33
He was the first to investigate the origin of structure from the three germ layers.
Karl Ernst von Baer
34
They were the pioneers of comparative anatomy of animals.
George Cuvier and John Hunter
35
"Cells are the basic units of structures in plants and animals and that organisms are aggregates of cells that are arranged according to definite laws." Who said this?
Schleiden and Schwann
36
"All cells can come from pre-existing cells." Who said this?
Rudolf Virchow
37
It is the body of knowledge and concerns the laws governing patterns in nature (cause-effect relationships).
Science
38
What is the scientific method?
A method of research in which: 1) a problem is identified; 2) relevant data are gathered; 3) a hypothesis is formulated; 4) the hypothesis is tested; and 5) a conclusion/s is arrived at, which help/s identify the patterns in the physical world.
39
Two Objectives of the Scientific Method
1) To uncover the laws governing the patterns in nature; and 2) To make life better and to solve problems
40
It is a planned inquiry to discover new facts, to confirm or deny the result of previous investigations by testing hypothesis/es.
Experimentation
41
It is that variable which is presumed to cause, effect, or stimulate the outcome.
Independent Variable
42
It refers to the outcome or response variable.
Dependent Variable
43
These, by themselves, produce changes which can be mistaken to be the effect of the independent variable being considered. These variables thus need to be controlled.
Extraneous Variable
44
This is the group experimented on.
Treatment Group
45
This is used to establish a baseline for result comparison.
Control Group
46
Two types of Control Group
Negative Control and Positive Control
47
This is the control group that is not exposed to any type of treatment at all.
Negative Control
48
This is the control group that is not exposed to the experimental treatment but is exposed to another treatment that is known to have the same effect.
Positive Control
49
When does a conclusion become a theory?
If the conclusion of the experiment confirms the hypothesis and remains the same after a series of experiments by various individuals over a period of years.
50
When does a theory become a law?
If it has been proven to be universally valid and to have such a high degree of probability.
51
This is constantly subjected to testing, modification, and refutation as new evidences and ideas emerge.
Theory
52
This is the basic unit of life.
The Cell
53
What is biological organization based on?
Hierarchy of Structural Levels
54
What are the seven attributes/qualities of life?
1) Organization; 2) Metabolism; 3) Homeostasis; 4) Reproduction; 5) Growth and Development; 6) Response to Stimuli; and 7) Evolution and Adaptation
55
The use of energy to perform the different activities of the body.
Metabolism
56
Energy Utilization
Anabolism
57
Energy Production
Catabolism
58
The "thermostat" of the body
Hypothalamus
59
This characteristic of biological processes means that an output or product of a process regulates that process.
Self-regulating
60
Slows or stops processes
Negative Feedback or Feedback Inhibition
61
Speeds up a process
Positive Feedback
62
Provides the blueprint for the organization, development, and function of living organisms
DNA
63
This produces more or larger cells.
Growth
64
This produces organisms with a defined set of characteristics for a particular organism; also includes differentiation.
Development
65
Responses of plants to their respective environments
Tropisms
66
Response of animals to their respective environments
Taxis
67
Short-term Responses
Adjustment/Irritability
68
Changes within a single lifetime
Short-term Responses
69
Changes that require multiple generations
Long-term Responses
70
This is the genetic change in a population through time
Evolution
71
This is the consequence of evolutionary change.
Adaptation
72
This is the change in an organism's structure or habits to survive new environments.
Adaptation
73
What are the five characteristics of animals?
1) Multicellular, Ingestive Heterotrophs; 2) Lacks Cell Wall; 3) Stores Carbohydrates as Glycogen; 4) Exhibits Mobility and Complex Behvaior; 5) Presence of Hox Genes
74
What are the subdivisions of Gross Anatomy?
Comparative Anatomy and Human Anatomy
75
Study of inhertance of characteristics from parents to offspring; heredity and variation
Genetics
76
Study of the relationship/s of organisms to each other and to their respective environments
Ecology
77
Study of the distribution of animals throughout the world
Zoogeography
78
Study of the distribution of animals through time
Paleontology
79
An old science; Involves the identification and classification of organisms
Taxonomy
80
Study of the change in population through time
Evolution

Biology 22 (General Zoology) (8 decks)

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