Cell Structure and Transport Flashcards
(26 cards)
Nucleus
Protects and stores DNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Synthesizes (smooth) lipids, carbs, (rough) proteins
Ribosome
Builds proteins - found on ER or floating in cytoplasm
Golgi Apparatus
Modifies, packages, and ships proteins
Vacuoles
Store material (water) for the cell - larger in plants than animals
Vesicle
“Membrane pouch” - contains lysosomes (digestive enzymes)
Cytoskeleton
Framework of protein filaments that provide structural support
Centrioles
Involved with cell division
Chloroplast
Makes food for plant cells - solar -> chemical energy
Mitochondria
Chemical -> cellular energy
Cytoplasm
Everything that’s not an organelle
Cell wall
Rigid structure outside the cell membrane
Why is the Cell Membrane a Fluid Mosaic Model
Because the phospholipid bilayer, proteins, and other materials create a mosaic. It’s constantly moving which is why it’s called fluid
Phospholipid Head is ____ Tail is ____
Hydrophilic, hydrophobic
Transport Proteins
Proteins that span the full width of the bilayer - assist in movement/passage across the cell membrane
Surface Proteins
Located on the surface of the bilayer
Glycolipids/proteins
Carbohydrates are attached to either a protein or a lipid - cellular communication
Cholesterol
Located within the tails - prevents sticking - increases fluidity of membrane
Osmosis
The movement of water from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a semi-permeable surface
Active Transport
Requires energy - membrane pumps, endo/exocytosis (bulk transport)
Passive transport
Doesn’t require energy - diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion (through special membrane protein)
Red Blood Cells Can Be…
Hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic
Hypertonic
When there is more solute outside the cell than in
Hypotonic
When there is more solute inside the cell than out
