Mitochondria Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
Converts food into cellular energy (ATP).
Name the five major parts of the mitochondria.
Outer membrane, inner membrane, intermembrane space, matrix, cristae.
What molecules are converted into ATP in the mitochondria?
Glucose, lipids, and small carbon molecules.
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm.
Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic? What does that mean?
Anaerobic – it does not require oxygen.
What are the 3 main inputs of glycolysis?
Glucose, ADP, NAD⁺.
What are the 3 main outputs of glycolysis?
2 pyruvate, 2 ATP (net), 2 NADH.
How many net ATP are produced during glycolysis?
2 ATP (4 made, 2 used to split glucose).
Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
In the mitochondrial matrix.
What must happen before pyruvate can enter the Krebs cycle?
It must be broken down into a form that can enter the cycle.
What are the main inputs of the Krebs cycle?
2 pyruvate, NAD⁺, FAD, ADP, O₂.
What are the outputs of the Krebs cycle?
6 CO₂, NADH, FADH₂, ATP.
How many ATP are made from the Krebs cycle?
2 ATP.
Why does the Krebs cycle require oxygen indirectly?
NADH and FADH₂ must pass electrons to the ETC, which requires oxygen.
Where is the electron transport chain (ETC) located?
In the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What are the inputs of the electron transport chain (ETC)?
NADH, FADH₂, ADP, O₂.
What are the outputs of the ETC?
NAD⁺, FAD, H₂O, 32 ATP.
How much ATP does the ETC produce?
Approximately 32 ATP.
What is the balanced equation for cellular respiration?
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 36–38 ATP
What do NAD⁺ and FAD do during cellular respiration?
They carry electrons and H⁺ to the ETC as NADH and FADH₂.
Describe glycolysis in one sentence.
Splits glucose into 2 pyruvate in the cytoplasm, producing ATP and NADH.
Describe the Krebs cycle in one sentence.
Breaks down pyruvate into CO₂, transferring energy to NADH and FADH₂.
Describe the ETC in one sentence.
Uses electrons from NADH and FADH₂ to produce ~32 ATP and water.
Why is the inner membrane of the mitochondria folded into cristae?
To increase surface area for more ETC proteins and efficient ATP production.
